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<p>Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is widely used to simulate outdoor environments in indoor experiments. However, the effects of comparable WBGT conditions with and without solar heat load on thermoregulatory responses are unclear. This study investigated thermoregulatory responses in comparable WBGT environments with and without artificial solar heat load (Solar: 800&#xa0;W∙m<sup>− 2</sup> and No-Solar, respectively) and a condition with the same ambient temperature and relative humidity, but without solar heat (CON) during sedentary rest. Eleven healthy male participants were exposed to ~ 28&#xa0;°C WBGT under Solar and No-Solar conditions or ~ 25&#xa0;°C WBGT in CON. Thermoregulatory responses, including rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, forearm and chest sweat rate, and skin blood flow were measured during 60&#xa0;min of seated rest. Solar exposure significantly increased rectal temperature compared with No-Solar exposure (0.10 ± 0.15 °C vs. 0.01 ± 0.15 °C, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.041), whereas CON had the lowest rectal temperature (− 0.09 ± 0.11 °C, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.041). Similar patterns were observed for mean skin temperature. Forearm and chest sweat rates were significantly higher in Solar than in No-Solar and CON (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.013), and body mass loss was greater in Solar (319 ± 149&#xa0;g∙h<sup>− 1</sup>) than in No-Solar (197 ± 95&#xa0;g∙h<sup>− 1</sup>) and CON (138 ± 68&#xa0;g∙h<sup>− 1</sup>, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.002). These findings suggest that despite comparable WBGT conditions, solar heat exacerbates thermoregulatory strain and hydration demands. Effective solar mitigation strategies and adequate fluid intake are crucial to prevent dehydration and heat-related stress during outdoor activities.</p>

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Effects of artificial solar heat load on thermoregulatory responses at comparable wet-bulb globe temperature in resting humans in compensable heat environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Naoyuki Yamashita,
  • Shunta Henmi,
  • Ayano Dempoya,
  • Masashi Kume,
  • Tetsuya Yoshida

摘要

Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is widely used to simulate outdoor environments in indoor experiments. However, the effects of comparable WBGT conditions with and without solar heat load on thermoregulatory responses are unclear. This study investigated thermoregulatory responses in comparable WBGT environments with and without artificial solar heat load (Solar: 800 W∙m− 2 and No-Solar, respectively) and a condition with the same ambient temperature and relative humidity, but without solar heat (CON) during sedentary rest. Eleven healthy male participants were exposed to ~ 28 °C WBGT under Solar and No-Solar conditions or ~ 25 °C WBGT in CON. Thermoregulatory responses, including rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, forearm and chest sweat rate, and skin blood flow were measured during 60 min of seated rest. Solar exposure significantly increased rectal temperature compared with No-Solar exposure (0.10 ± 0.15 °C vs. 0.01 ± 0.15 °C, p ≤ 0.041), whereas CON had the lowest rectal temperature (− 0.09 ± 0.11 °C, p ≤ 0.041). Similar patterns were observed for mean skin temperature. Forearm and chest sweat rates were significantly higher in Solar than in No-Solar and CON (p ≤ 0.013), and body mass loss was greater in Solar (319 ± 149 g∙h− 1) than in No-Solar (197 ± 95 g∙h− 1) and CON (138 ± 68 g∙h− 1, p ≤ 0.002). These findings suggest that despite comparable WBGT conditions, solar heat exacerbates thermoregulatory strain and hydration demands. Effective solar mitigation strategies and adequate fluid intake are crucial to prevent dehydration and heat-related stress during outdoor activities.