Short-term and long-term effects of outdoor artificial light at night on reproductive hormones among infertile women from a preconception cohort study
摘要
To investigate the effects of Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure on reproductive hormones and to determine whether there are any lag effects of ALAN exposure on these hormones. There were 971 infertile females available for the current analysis from a prospective cohort. Each female’s baseline address was matched with ALAN imagery. The short-term effects of ALAN on reproductive hormones were analyzed using generalized linear models combined with distributed lag non-linear models. For the long-term effects, the average ALAN level over the 12 months prior to hormone measurement was used as the exposure, and the association between ALAN and reproductive hormones was assessed with multiple linear regression. Short-term exposure to ALAN was associated with increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone (P), and a decrease in testosterone (T) levels. The reference value for ALAN was set at the 5th percentile (0.61 nW/cm²/sr). At the 95th percentile of ALAN, FSH levels were reduced with a lag of 3 days to 5 days. At the 75th percentile of ALAN, P levels were reduced with a lag of 0 days to 1 day. For the long-term effects of ALAN on reproductive hormones, a reduction in P concentrations was observed. The results suggest that short-term exposure to ALAN disrupts reproductive hormone levels, with the association becoming non-significant as the number of lag days increases.