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<p>Elucidating the propagation characteristics between meteorological and soil droughts is critical for understanding the formation mechanisms of agricultural drought. Numerous studies used propagation time, probability, and threshold to characterize drought propagation characteristics based on grid-to-gird from a statistical perspective. However, most studies could not capture the nonlinear characteristics of the drought evolution process well due to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the data. In particular, there is a lack of quantification of the spatial propagation parameters. This study focused on the Wei River Basin and utilized high spatiotemporal resolution meteorological and soil moisture data. Daily-scale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) were employed to characterize meteorological and soil droughts, respectively. By integrating three dimensional spatiotemporal clustering and spatiotemporal matching methods, this study identified meteorological and soil drought events, matched meteorological-soil drought event pairs, and quantified spatial propagation features, including direction and distance between meteorological and soil droughts. The results indicated that (1) Meteorological drought events exhibited lower frequency, shorter duration, higher severity and larger affected areas than those of soil drought events in the Wei River Basin. Meteorological and soil drought events collectively showed a migration pattern along the northeast-southwest orientation. (2) C2 category events (single meteorological drought triggers multiple soil droughts) constituted the highest proportion (72.9%). Matched drought event pairs showed increased duration (9.25&#xa0;days) and affected area (21.61 × 10<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;km<sup>2</sup>) compared to pre-matched drought events, indicating meteorological drought propagation tended to induce more extensive and prolonged soil droughts. Small-scale events rarely propagated effectively.&#xa0;(3) C1 category events pairs (single meteorological drought triggers a single soil drought) propagated primarily along the northeast-southwest axis. C2 category events clustered in the northern study area with transverse propagation. C3 category events (multiple meteorological droughts to single soil drought) exhibited the longest propagation distance (245&#xa0;km).</p>

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Daily-scale propagation dynamics between meteorological and soil drought events in the Wei River Basin, China: a three-dimensional perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Guangpo Geng,
  • Lijun Shan,
  • Wenwen Zhang,
  • Ping Wang,
  • Mengxia Chen,
  • Yulu Liu

摘要

Elucidating the propagation characteristics between meteorological and soil droughts is critical for understanding the formation mechanisms of agricultural drought. Numerous studies used propagation time, probability, and threshold to characterize drought propagation characteristics based on grid-to-gird from a statistical perspective. However, most studies could not capture the nonlinear characteristics of the drought evolution process well due to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the data. In particular, there is a lack of quantification of the spatial propagation parameters. This study focused on the Wei River Basin and utilized high spatiotemporal resolution meteorological and soil moisture data. Daily-scale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) were employed to characterize meteorological and soil droughts, respectively. By integrating three dimensional spatiotemporal clustering and spatiotemporal matching methods, this study identified meteorological and soil drought events, matched meteorological-soil drought event pairs, and quantified spatial propagation features, including direction and distance between meteorological and soil droughts. The results indicated that (1) Meteorological drought events exhibited lower frequency, shorter duration, higher severity and larger affected areas than those of soil drought events in the Wei River Basin. Meteorological and soil drought events collectively showed a migration pattern along the northeast-southwest orientation. (2) C2 category events (single meteorological drought triggers multiple soil droughts) constituted the highest proportion (72.9%). Matched drought event pairs showed increased duration (9.25 days) and affected area (21.61 × 103 km2) compared to pre-matched drought events, indicating meteorological drought propagation tended to induce more extensive and prolonged soil droughts. Small-scale events rarely propagated effectively. (3) C1 category events pairs (single meteorological drought triggers a single soil drought) propagated primarily along the northeast-southwest axis. C2 category events clustered in the northern study area with transverse propagation. C3 category events (multiple meteorological droughts to single soil drought) exhibited the longest propagation distance (245 km).