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<p>This study investigates the spatial distribution and pollution sources of eight heavy metals—Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni)—in the surface sediments of Poyang Lake. The Kriging interpolation method, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess their distribution and sources. Pollution levels were evaluated using the Geo-accumulation Index, Potential Ecological Risk Index, and Pollution Load Index. Results showed that the average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg in surface sediments were 2.26, 5.13, 1.26, 2.46, 1.75, and 1.09 times the local background values, respectively, with Cu identified as the primary pollutant. The Geo-accumulation Index ranked the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments as Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Cd &gt; Hg &gt; Ni &gt; As. The overall potential ecological risk indicated a moderate risk level for the lake, with some areas showing slight risk. The Pollution Load Index suggested generally low pollution, with some regions experiencing moderate contamination. In terms of spatial distribution, areas with high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments in the study area are mainly concentrated in the southern part of Poyang Lake. Among them, the spatial distributions of As, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in sediments are relatively consistent. The primary pollution sources for As, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr were industrial, agricultural, and mineral activities, while Cd and Hg were mainly attributed to human activities. Ni contamination was primarily driven by smelting and natural sources.</p>

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Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in surface sediments in China’s largest freshwater lake

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Xiaolong Zhang,
  • Xiaofeng Li,
  • Weiqiang Dai,
  • Weihao Zhang,
  • Xiangwen Zhang,
  • Daishe Wu,
  • Shan Huang,
  • Ting Huang

摘要

This study investigates the spatial distribution and pollution sources of eight heavy metals—Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni)—in the surface sediments of Poyang Lake. The Kriging interpolation method, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess their distribution and sources. Pollution levels were evaluated using the Geo-accumulation Index, Potential Ecological Risk Index, and Pollution Load Index. Results showed that the average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg in surface sediments were 2.26, 5.13, 1.26, 2.46, 1.75, and 1.09 times the local background values, respectively, with Cu identified as the primary pollutant. The Geo-accumulation Index ranked the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments as Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Hg > Ni > As. The overall potential ecological risk indicated a moderate risk level for the lake, with some areas showing slight risk. The Pollution Load Index suggested generally low pollution, with some regions experiencing moderate contamination. In terms of spatial distribution, areas with high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments in the study area are mainly concentrated in the southern part of Poyang Lake. Among them, the spatial distributions of As, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in sediments are relatively consistent. The primary pollution sources for As, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr were industrial, agricultural, and mineral activities, while Cd and Hg were mainly attributed to human activities. Ni contamination was primarily driven by smelting and natural sources.