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<p>Cities require urgent implementation of stormwater management&#xa0;projects to mitigate urban flood risk. One potential solution is to retrofit urban grey and green infrastructure. However, the implementation is hindered by the need to consider multiple factors, including hydrological benefits and expenses. This study provides a method for designing and making decisions about grey–green infrastructure retrofitting schemes in urban built-up areas. The hydrological model SWMM was first developed to simulate the hydrological effects. Three objectives of water safety, water resources and cost control and their corresponding seven indicators were designed according to the local plan. The weight allocation of different indicators was calculated using game theory, analytic hierarchy process method, and entropy weight method. The most effective scheme was identified after TOPSIS analysis of 31 schemes. The analysis also included an assessment of how different facilities perform under various rainfall patterns. It was discovered that upgrading the pipeline exacerbates the constraints imposed by the river on pipeline drainage, leading to a shift in flood risk downstream, which should receive more attention in future retrofitting studies. This study recommends prioritizing green retrofitting when cost weight above 40%, with S9 achieving the greatest score, demonstrating runoff reductions between 14.8 and 28.7% across nine rainfalls. Better stormwater management results require blue infrastructure retrofits and augment financial assistance. This research provides guidance for urban stormwater management projects and new insights for sponge city construction experts.</p>

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Flood risk mitigation based on multi-objective decision-making of urban grey–green infrastructure retrofits: impacts of overflow transferring downstream and cost weight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月15日

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  • Xiuyi Huang,
  • Guoru Huang

摘要

Cities require urgent implementation of stormwater management projects to mitigate urban flood risk. One potential solution is to retrofit urban grey and green infrastructure. However, the implementation is hindered by the need to consider multiple factors, including hydrological benefits and expenses. This study provides a method for designing and making decisions about grey–green infrastructure retrofitting schemes in urban built-up areas. The hydrological model SWMM was first developed to simulate the hydrological effects. Three objectives of water safety, water resources and cost control and their corresponding seven indicators were designed according to the local plan. The weight allocation of different indicators was calculated using game theory, analytic hierarchy process method, and entropy weight method. The most effective scheme was identified after TOPSIS analysis of 31 schemes. The analysis also included an assessment of how different facilities perform under various rainfall patterns. It was discovered that upgrading the pipeline exacerbates the constraints imposed by the river on pipeline drainage, leading to a shift in flood risk downstream, which should receive more attention in future retrofitting studies. This study recommends prioritizing green retrofitting when cost weight above 40%, with S9 achieving the greatest score, demonstrating runoff reductions between 14.8 and 28.7% across nine rainfalls. Better stormwater management results require blue infrastructure retrofits and augment financial assistance. This research provides guidance for urban stormwater management projects and new insights for sponge city construction experts.