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<p>The accelerating degradation of global water resources and the growing energy insecurity have intensified the demand for sustainable technologies that can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate energy. Constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) have emerged as an innovative nature-based solution that synergistically combines ecological treatment processes with bioelectrochemical energy generation. This review summarizes recent advancements in CW–MFC technology, focusing on system mechanisms, structural configurations, operational parameters, and performance outcomes. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify emerging trends, key developments, and knowledge gaps in CW-MFC research. A detailed comparative assessment of representative studies highlights the influence of wetland vegetation, electrode materials, microbial communities, pollutant removal efficiencies, and metrics related to bioelectricity generation. Multivariate bubble plots and treemap visualizations are employed to systematically demonstrate how variations in plant species, electrode configurations, and microbial assemblages affect chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (60–95%) and voltage outputs (300–800 mV). Beyond conventional organic matter and nutrient removal, the applicability of CW-MFCs for treating emerging contaminants, including antibiotics, dyes, and heavy metals, is critically evaluated. Key technical, operational, and scalability challenges restricting large-scale deployment are identified, along with potential strategies for system optimization. CW-MFCs improve water quality by removing pollutants, provide a sustainable sanitation solution, and enable clean energy generation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These abilities of CW-MFC align with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and 13 (Climate Action).</p>

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Microbial fuel cell-assisted constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and energy recovery: advances, performance trends, and future directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Nidhi Ahlawat,
  • Vishal Panghal,
  • Pooja Choudhary,
  • Annu Radha Nandal,
  • Sandeep Kumar,
  • Arup Giri,
  • Sunil Kumar

摘要

The accelerating degradation of global water resources and the growing energy insecurity have intensified the demand for sustainable technologies that can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate energy. Constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) have emerged as an innovative nature-based solution that synergistically combines ecological treatment processes with bioelectrochemical energy generation. This review summarizes recent advancements in CW–MFC technology, focusing on system mechanisms, structural configurations, operational parameters, and performance outcomes. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify emerging trends, key developments, and knowledge gaps in CW-MFC research. A detailed comparative assessment of representative studies highlights the influence of wetland vegetation, electrode materials, microbial communities, pollutant removal efficiencies, and metrics related to bioelectricity generation. Multivariate bubble plots and treemap visualizations are employed to systematically demonstrate how variations in plant species, electrode configurations, and microbial assemblages affect chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (60–95%) and voltage outputs (300–800 mV). Beyond conventional organic matter and nutrient removal, the applicability of CW-MFCs for treating emerging contaminants, including antibiotics, dyes, and heavy metals, is critically evaluated. Key technical, operational, and scalability challenges restricting large-scale deployment are identified, along with potential strategies for system optimization. CW-MFCs improve water quality by removing pollutants, provide a sustainable sanitation solution, and enable clean energy generation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These abilities of CW-MFC align with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and 13 (Climate Action).