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<p>Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from domestic sewage treatment remains a significant challenge. This study tested three vertical-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with varying excess sludge biochar (ESB) ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) to optimize performance. Results showed that the ESB dosage had a significant effect on the performance of CWs. The best pollutant removal performance was detected in ESB-CW3, where 91.63% of nitrogen and 88.43% of phosphorus were simultaneously removed from domestic wastewater. Meanwhile, the lowest GHG emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>: 17.73 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/h; CH<sub>4</sub>: 0.04 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/h; N<sub>2</sub>O: 17.90&#xa0;µg/m<sup>2</sup>/h). The significant reduction in CH<sub>4</sub> emission was attributed to the increased levels of dissolved oxygen, which inhibited the activity of methanogens. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the enrichment of <i>Geobacter</i> might drive the Feammox process, leading to improved nitrogen removal. The efficient phosphorus removal relied on chemical precipitation, with a possible contribution from <i>Dechloromonas</i>. In conclusion, the 30% ESB ratio synergistically improved pollution control and GHG mitigation through combined physicochemical effects and microbial interactions. This study demonstrates ESB’s potential for sustainable wastewater treatment with minimized climate impact.</p>

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Strategic application of sludge biochar: achieving optimal pollution treatment and greenhouse gas suppression in constructed wetlands

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Xueting Zhang,
  • Yanqin Yang,
  • Zhi Rao,
  • Jianguo Zhao,
  • Haiming Wu,
  • Shubiao Wu,
  • Yuran Song,
  • Jingjing Du

摘要

Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from domestic sewage treatment remains a significant challenge. This study tested three vertical-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with varying excess sludge biochar (ESB) ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) to optimize performance. Results showed that the ESB dosage had a significant effect on the performance of CWs. The best pollutant removal performance was detected in ESB-CW3, where 91.63% of nitrogen and 88.43% of phosphorus were simultaneously removed from domestic wastewater. Meanwhile, the lowest GHG emissions (CO2: 17.73 mg/m2/h; CH4: 0.04 mg/m2/h; N2O: 17.90 µg/m2/h). The significant reduction in CH4 emission was attributed to the increased levels of dissolved oxygen, which inhibited the activity of methanogens. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the enrichment of Geobacter might drive the Feammox process, leading to improved nitrogen removal. The efficient phosphorus removal relied on chemical precipitation, with a possible contribution from Dechloromonas. In conclusion, the 30% ESB ratio synergistically improved pollution control and GHG mitigation through combined physicochemical effects and microbial interactions. This study demonstrates ESB’s potential for sustainable wastewater treatment with minimized climate impact.