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<p>Global warming can alter not only the seasonal timing of animal activity but also daily activity, a fundamental dimension of animal behavior with important consequences for energy acquisition and species performance. Although studies have focused predominantly on global warming effects on animal phenology, the effects on daily activity remain largely unexplored. Here, we used long-term field experimental warming with large open-top chambers (15 × 15 × 2.5&#xa0;m), which increased temperatures by 0.24&#xa0;°C in the growing season and 0.55&#xa0;°C in the non-growing season from 2017 to 2023, to determine whether warming alters daily activity time, body mass, and species abundance of the crepuscular slug <i>Agriolimax agrestis</i> in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Experimental warming increased slug activity time by 37&#xa0;min (+ 25%) in 2022 and 50&#xa0;min (+ 29%) in 2023, and increased body mass by 65% and 57%, respectively, without changing growth phenology. To determine whether warming could directly affect slug activity time and growth, we conducted a complementary, short-term (18 days in August) experiment using small open-top chambers (2 × 2 × 2&#xa0;m), which elevated temperature by 0.44&#xa0;°C. Warming increased slug activity time by 180% and body mass by 36%, which was consistent with the result of the long-term experiment. Slug abundance increased by an average of 497% in warmed plots from 2019 to 2023, likely driven by enhanced survival and increased fecundity, both of which might be associated with increased body mass. Overall, warming substantially extends the slug daily activity time, with possible consequences of increased body mass and abundance, highlighting an overlooked mechanism by which climate warming may influence animal traits and demographics in cold regions.</p>

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Field warming increases activity time, body mass and abundance of field slugs in an alpine meadow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Xingyu Zhou,
  • Xiaoli Hu,
  • Ying Feng,
  • Shuang Xiang,
  • Youjun Chen,
  • Yuxia Zhang,
  • Nico Eisenhauer,
  • Shucun Sun

摘要

Global warming can alter not only the seasonal timing of animal activity but also daily activity, a fundamental dimension of animal behavior with important consequences for energy acquisition and species performance. Although studies have focused predominantly on global warming effects on animal phenology, the effects on daily activity remain largely unexplored. Here, we used long-term field experimental warming with large open-top chambers (15 × 15 × 2.5 m), which increased temperatures by 0.24 °C in the growing season and 0.55 °C in the non-growing season from 2017 to 2023, to determine whether warming alters daily activity time, body mass, and species abundance of the crepuscular slug Agriolimax agrestis in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Experimental warming increased slug activity time by 37 min (+ 25%) in 2022 and 50 min (+ 29%) in 2023, and increased body mass by 65% and 57%, respectively, without changing growth phenology. To determine whether warming could directly affect slug activity time and growth, we conducted a complementary, short-term (18 days in August) experiment using small open-top chambers (2 × 2 × 2 m), which elevated temperature by 0.44 °C. Warming increased slug activity time by 180% and body mass by 36%, which was consistent with the result of the long-term experiment. Slug abundance increased by an average of 497% in warmed plots from 2019 to 2023, likely driven by enhanced survival and increased fecundity, both of which might be associated with increased body mass. Overall, warming substantially extends the slug daily activity time, with possible consequences of increased body mass and abundance, highlighting an overlooked mechanism by which climate warming may influence animal traits and demographics in cold regions.