<p>For general large non–Hermitian random matrices <i>X</i> and deterministic normal deformations <i>A</i>, we prove that the local eigenvalue statistics of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="440_2025_1384_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A+X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> close to the critical edge points of its spectrum are universal. This concludes the proof of the third and last remaining typical universality class for non–Hermitian random matrices (for normal deformations), after bulk and sharp edge universalities have been established in recent years.</p>

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Non–Hermitian spectral universality at critical points

  • Giorgio Cipolloni,
  • László Erdős,
  • Hong Chang Ji

摘要

For general large non–Hermitian random matrices X and deterministic normal deformations A, we prove that the local eigenvalue statistics of \(A+X\) A + X close to the critical edge points of its spectrum are universal. This concludes the proof of the third and last remaining typical universality class for non–Hermitian random matrices (for normal deformations), after bulk and sharp edge universalities have been established in recent years.