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<p>We sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the freshwater flatfish <i>Hypoclinemus mentalis</i>, analyzed its structural characteristics, and constructed a phylogenetic tree for the order Pleuronectiformes based on sequence data of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) to elucidate the mitochondrial genome characteristics of <i>H. mentalis</i> and its phylogenetic position in Pleuronectiformes. The mitochondrial genome of <i>H. mentalis</i> is 16,802&#xa0;bp in length and encodes 13 PCGs, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one non-coding region. Its base composition shows AT preference (A + T content 56.4%). The PCG <i>nad6</i> and eight tRNA genes (<i>trnQ</i>, <i>trnA</i>, <i>trnN</i>, <i>trnC</i>, <i>trnY</i>, <i>trnS2</i>, <i>trnE</i>, and <i>trnP</i>) are located on the light strand, whereas the remaining 28 genes are located on the heavy strand. Among the 22 tRNAs, the secondary structure of <i>trnS1</i> lacks the dihydrouridine arm, whereas the remaining tRNAs form a typical clover secondary structure. In the phylogenetic tree, <i>H. mentalis</i> clustered well with three other species of the family Achiridae. In the order Pleuronectiformes, monophyletic issues existed in three families (Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, and Pleuronectidae) and five genera (<i>Ancylopsetta</i>, <i>Arnoglossus</i>, <i>Citharichthys</i>, <i>Cynoglossus</i>, and <i>Etropus</i>). Our findings elucidate the structural characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>H. mentalis</i> and its phylogenetic position and provide key molecular evidence for understanding the taxonomic relationships of this species within Pleuronectiformes.</p>

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Complete mitochondrial genome of Hypoclinemus mentalis and phylogenetic analysis of the order Pleuronectiformes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Cheng-He Sun,
  • Yang Xu,
  • Yi-Jing Zhan,
  • Xiao Ma,
  • Xiao-Die Chen,
  • Chang-Hu Lu

摘要

We sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the freshwater flatfish Hypoclinemus mentalis, analyzed its structural characteristics, and constructed a phylogenetic tree for the order Pleuronectiformes based on sequence data of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) to elucidate the mitochondrial genome characteristics of H. mentalis and its phylogenetic position in Pleuronectiformes. The mitochondrial genome of H. mentalis is 16,802 bp in length and encodes 13 PCGs, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one non-coding region. Its base composition shows AT preference (A + T content 56.4%). The PCG nad6 and eight tRNA genes (trnQ, trnA, trnN, trnC, trnY, trnS2, trnE, and trnP) are located on the light strand, whereas the remaining 28 genes are located on the heavy strand. Among the 22 tRNAs, the secondary structure of trnS1 lacks the dihydrouridine arm, whereas the remaining tRNAs form a typical clover secondary structure. In the phylogenetic tree, H. mentalis clustered well with three other species of the family Achiridae. In the order Pleuronectiformes, monophyletic issues existed in three families (Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, and Pleuronectidae) and five genera (Ancylopsetta, Arnoglossus, Citharichthys, Cynoglossus, and Etropus). Our findings elucidate the structural characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of H. mentalis and its phylogenetic position and provide key molecular evidence for understanding the taxonomic relationships of this species within Pleuronectiformes.