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<p><i>Aedes albopictus</i> serves as a vector for multiple viruses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including those that cause encephalitis, Zika and dengue fever. Although species identification traditionally relies on characteristics of the fourth larval instar, SEM based studies on <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> remains limited. In this study, SEM was used to document key morphological features, including the antennae, feeding mouth brushes, mandibles, maxillae, labia, comb scales, siphon, respiratory spiracle, and row of pecten teeth. The eighth abdominal segment of the fourth-instar larva is small, bearing nine comb scales. The siphon is itself equipped with two rows of pecten teeth, each row containing 11 individual teeth. While the larval and adult stages of <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> have been described previously, the pupal stage has not been examined yet using SEM. Therefore, this study investigates the external morphology of <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> pupae for the first time to identify additional diagnostic characters. The pupal body is enclosed by a translucent cuticle, comprising a cephalothorax and a slender, articulated abdomen. Respiration occurs through paired respiratory horns on the cephalothorax. On anterior region the cephalothorax bears mouthparts, flattened head, developing compound eyes, and posteriorly curved antennae. On posterior region ninth abdominal segment is comparatively small and bears paired paddles supported by a midrib, which are essential for pupal movement. SEM of adult mosquitoes enables precise characterization of diagnostic structures such as sensilla, setae, scales, spiracle, haltere, mouthparts and cuticular pattern. SEM based morphological data of larva, pupa and adult stages enhance our understanding of mosquito biology, development, and functional adaptation, which is essential for designing effective vector surveillance, control strategies, and integrated mosquito management programs.</p>

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SEM based morphological characterization of larval, pupal and adult stages of dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Poonam Kumari,
  • Dixit Sharma,
  • Pankaj Thakur,
  • Sunil Kumar

摘要

Aedes albopictus serves as a vector for multiple viruses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including those that cause encephalitis, Zika and dengue fever. Although species identification traditionally relies on characteristics of the fourth larval instar, SEM based studies on Ae. albopictus remains limited. In this study, SEM was used to document key morphological features, including the antennae, feeding mouth brushes, mandibles, maxillae, labia, comb scales, siphon, respiratory spiracle, and row of pecten teeth. The eighth abdominal segment of the fourth-instar larva is small, bearing nine comb scales. The siphon is itself equipped with two rows of pecten teeth, each row containing 11 individual teeth. While the larval and adult stages of Ae. albopictus have been described previously, the pupal stage has not been examined yet using SEM. Therefore, this study investigates the external morphology of Ae. albopictus pupae for the first time to identify additional diagnostic characters. The pupal body is enclosed by a translucent cuticle, comprising a cephalothorax and a slender, articulated abdomen. Respiration occurs through paired respiratory horns on the cephalothorax. On anterior region the cephalothorax bears mouthparts, flattened head, developing compound eyes, and posteriorly curved antennae. On posterior region ninth abdominal segment is comparatively small and bears paired paddles supported by a midrib, which are essential for pupal movement. SEM of adult mosquitoes enables precise characterization of diagnostic structures such as sensilla, setae, scales, spiracle, haltere, mouthparts and cuticular pattern. SEM based morphological data of larva, pupa and adult stages enhance our understanding of mosquito biology, development, and functional adaptation, which is essential for designing effective vector surveillance, control strategies, and integrated mosquito management programs.