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<p>Attachment positions of long digital extensor and popliteus tendons and the shape of lateral condyle are important for functional aspects and help explain the adaptation mechanism of weight in dogs with different weights. The aims of the present osteological study were twofold: First, to determine whether or not there exists any difference concerning the lateral condyle shape of the femur, and second, to record the attachment positions of the long digital extensor and popliteus tendons according to the lateral collateral ligament in mid-, large, and giant dogs. Measurements of the lateral femoral condyle and distance between epicondyle, popliteal and extensor fossa centres were obtained in dogs with three weight groups—variables subjected to one-way analysis of variance among the weight groups of dogs. The level of significance was set at <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 for all analyses. Lateral condyle shape was more vertically oval in medium dogs than in large and giant dogs. The condyle diameter and bowl length were shorter in giant dogs than in medium and large dogs. Distances between the popliteal fossa centre and epicondyle, extensor fossa centre and epicondyle, and popliteal and extensor fossa centres were shorter in giant dogs than in medium and large dogs. In conclusion, increasing weight in normal dogs causes changes in lateral condyle shape and muscular positions attached to it. These changes reflect the adaptation mechanism for mechanical environments.</p>

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Effect of weight on shape and muscular attachment positions of lateral femoral condyle in medium, large and giant dogs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Firuze Turker-Yavas,
  • Figen Sevil-Kilimci,
  • Mehmet Kamil Ocal

摘要

Attachment positions of long digital extensor and popliteus tendons and the shape of lateral condyle are important for functional aspects and help explain the adaptation mechanism of weight in dogs with different weights. The aims of the present osteological study were twofold: First, to determine whether or not there exists any difference concerning the lateral condyle shape of the femur, and second, to record the attachment positions of the long digital extensor and popliteus tendons according to the lateral collateral ligament in mid-, large, and giant dogs. Measurements of the lateral femoral condyle and distance between epicondyle, popliteal and extensor fossa centres were obtained in dogs with three weight groups—variables subjected to one-way analysis of variance among the weight groups of dogs. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05 for all analyses. Lateral condyle shape was more vertically oval in medium dogs than in large and giant dogs. The condyle diameter and bowl length were shorter in giant dogs than in medium and large dogs. Distances between the popliteal fossa centre and epicondyle, extensor fossa centre and epicondyle, and popliteal and extensor fossa centres were shorter in giant dogs than in medium and large dogs. In conclusion, increasing weight in normal dogs causes changes in lateral condyle shape and muscular positions attached to it. These changes reflect the adaptation mechanism for mechanical environments.