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<p>While amniotes have lost the regenerative power of their amphibious ancestors, extant anamniotes still conserve broad regeneration capabilities. After fin amputation in the goldfish, a massive regeneration occurs but little is known on the initial genes and proteins activating the process. In the axolotl the early signaling protein triggering limb regeneration has been identified as MARCKS-like-1. Bioinformatics comparison shows that MARCKS-like-1 in the axolotl has a high identity with that of the goldfish to justify some cross-reactivity between the two species. Using an antibody against axolotl MARCKS-like-1 protein, the present study reports immunolocalization of the protein during the first 3–6 days of caudal fin regeneration also in the blastema of the goldfish. 5BrdU-immunolabeling shows numerous proliferating cells, likely generated from the periosteum of the transected lepidotrichia, that accumulate on the stump surface beneath the stratified wound epidermis, forming a regenerating blastema. MARCKS-like-1 immunofluorescence is present in cells of the regenerating keratinocytes and in osteo-progenitor cells derived from lepidotrichia at 3 and 6 days of regeneration. A diffuse immunofluorescence is also observed in the extracellular matrix among these cells, especially at the tip of transected lepidotrichia. These observations suggest that MARCKS-like-1 proteins are produced in keratinocytes and blastema cells, and possibly are released among osteogenic cells following transection of lepidotrichia. The study indicates that also in the goldfish a MARCKS-like-1 protein appears activated in early stages post-injury suggesting for a general mechanism of activation of regeneration in anamniotes.</p>

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Immunolocalization of MARCKS-like protein during early stages of tail fin regeneration in the goldfish supports a role in triggering regeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Lorenzo Alibardi

摘要

While amniotes have lost the regenerative power of their amphibious ancestors, extant anamniotes still conserve broad regeneration capabilities. After fin amputation in the goldfish, a massive regeneration occurs but little is known on the initial genes and proteins activating the process. In the axolotl the early signaling protein triggering limb regeneration has been identified as MARCKS-like-1. Bioinformatics comparison shows that MARCKS-like-1 in the axolotl has a high identity with that of the goldfish to justify some cross-reactivity between the two species. Using an antibody against axolotl MARCKS-like-1 protein, the present study reports immunolocalization of the protein during the first 3–6 days of caudal fin regeneration also in the blastema of the goldfish. 5BrdU-immunolabeling shows numerous proliferating cells, likely generated from the periosteum of the transected lepidotrichia, that accumulate on the stump surface beneath the stratified wound epidermis, forming a regenerating blastema. MARCKS-like-1 immunofluorescence is present in cells of the regenerating keratinocytes and in osteo-progenitor cells derived from lepidotrichia at 3 and 6 days of regeneration. A diffuse immunofluorescence is also observed in the extracellular matrix among these cells, especially at the tip of transected lepidotrichia. These observations suggest that MARCKS-like-1 proteins are produced in keratinocytes and blastema cells, and possibly are released among osteogenic cells following transection of lepidotrichia. The study indicates that also in the goldfish a MARCKS-like-1 protein appears activated in early stages post-injury suggesting for a general mechanism of activation of regeneration in anamniotes.