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<p>The Superorder Xenarthra comprises Anteaters, Sloths, and Armadillos, which are well-known mammals in Central and South America. Morphological studies have been carried out but the biology of mammary gland in these animals is still poorly elucidated. This study aimed to describe the mammary gland morphology in <i>Tamandua tetradactyla</i>,<i> Bradypus variegatus</i> and <i>Dasypus novemcinctus</i>. Collected samples were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed by routine techniques for Hematoxylin and Eosin coloration. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. For scanning electron microscopy examinations, fragments were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and then dehydrated and metallized. Anteaters and sloths have a single pair of mammary glands and armadillos can have up to two pairs of mammary glands, suggesting a form of sexual differentiation. Under light microscopy, all the species studied exhibited a simple stratified epithelium with a stratum corneum, dense connective tissue, hair follicles, and limited glandular tissue and revealed unique particularities. These histological features provide a detailed description of the mammary gland structures in three Xenarthra species, highlighting similarities with other mammals while identifying unique morphological characteristics across different functional stages. Furthermore, these results may aid conservation efforts by improving knowledge of reproductive biology and parental care in this superorder.</p>

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Morphological description of the xenarthran mammary gland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Isabella Bittencourt Pires Chaves,
  • Antônio Messias Costa,
  • Érika R. Branco,
  • AndreaMagalhães Bezerra,
  • Elane Guerreiro Giese,
  • Ana Rita de Lima

摘要

The Superorder Xenarthra comprises Anteaters, Sloths, and Armadillos, which are well-known mammals in Central and South America. Morphological studies have been carried out but the biology of mammary gland in these animals is still poorly elucidated. This study aimed to describe the mammary gland morphology in Tamandua tetradactyla, Bradypus variegatus and Dasypus novemcinctus. Collected samples were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed by routine techniques for Hematoxylin and Eosin coloration. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. For scanning electron microscopy examinations, fragments were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and then dehydrated and metallized. Anteaters and sloths have a single pair of mammary glands and armadillos can have up to two pairs of mammary glands, suggesting a form of sexual differentiation. Under light microscopy, all the species studied exhibited a simple stratified epithelium with a stratum corneum, dense connective tissue, hair follicles, and limited glandular tissue and revealed unique particularities. These histological features provide a detailed description of the mammary gland structures in three Xenarthra species, highlighting similarities with other mammals while identifying unique morphological characteristics across different functional stages. Furthermore, these results may aid conservation efforts by improving knowledge of reproductive biology and parental care in this superorder.