To assess respiratory changes after neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) initiation in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Premature infants born less than 32 weeks gestation with evolving or established BPD initiated on invasive or non-invasive (NIV) NAVA were included. Respiratory data: PCO₂ and SpO₂/FiO₂ (S/F) ratio before and at 4, 24, 48 h post-NAVA initiation were collected. Eighty-eight infants, median GA 25.1 (range 22.7–30.3) weeks, with 191 NAVA episodes were included. Infants born < 32 weeks with evolving and established BPD showed improvements in PCO₂ and S/F ratio 48 h post-NAVA compared to prior: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.1 (4.7–13.1) kPa; p < 0.001 and 285 (118–471) versus 276 (103–471); p = 0.013, respectively. Improvements were observed in invasive NAVA: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.5 (4.7–12.4) kPa; p = 0.001, 290 (148–471) versus 271 (103–467); p = 0.002, and NIV-NAVA: 7.5 (4.6–11.7) versus 7.9 (5.2–13.1) kPa; p = 0.001, 283 (128–471) versus 294 (114–471); p = 0.002. Severe BPD infants had reductions in PCO₂ 48 h post-initiation: 7.2 (5.6–9.7) versus 8.0 (5.4–11.7) kPa; p = 0.002, with lower FiO₂ requirements 0.37 (0.21–0.65) versus 0.43 (0.21–0.8); p = 0.011, and improved S/F ratios 263 (146–471) versus 219 (114–457); p = 0.006. On subgroup analysis, similar improvements were noted in; PCO2 levels in invasive NAVA (p = 0.011) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002), S/F ratios in invasive NAVA (p = 0.046) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002) and FiO₂ in invasive NAVA (p = 0.034) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.053).Conclusion: NAVA improves CO₂ clearance and oxygenation in infants with evolving or established and severe BPD at 48 h post-initiation. In severe BPD, NAVA also reduced oxygen requirements<Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry nameend="c2" namest="c1"> What is Known: • NAVA has the potential to improve CO2 clearance and oxygenation by optimising alveolar ventilation, adapting to the infant's breathing patterns, and enhancing gas exchange. </entry> </row> <row> <entry nameend="c2" namest="c1"> What is New: • The beneficial effects of NAVA are sustained in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), improving carbon dioxide clearance and oxygenation at 48 hours after initiation. </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table>

Respiratory physiological changes post initiation of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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2025年1月29日

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Basma Mohamed,
Anay Kulkarni,
Donovan Duffy,
Anne Greenough,
Sandeep Shetty

摘要

To assess respiratory changes after neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) initiation in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Premature infants born less than 32 weeks gestation with evolving or established BPD initiated on invasive or non-invasive (NIV) NAVA were included. Respiratory data: PCO_₂ and SpO₂/FiO₂ (S/F) ratio before and at 4, 24, 48 h post-NAVA initiation were collected. Eighty-eight infants, median GA 25.1 (range 22.7–30.3) weeks, with 191 NAVA episodes were included. Infants born < 32 weeks with evolving and established BPD showed improvements in PCO_₂ and S/F ratio 48 h post-NAVA compared to prior: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.1 (4.7–13.1) kPa; p < 0.001 and 285 (118–471) versus 276 (103–471); p = 0.013, respectively. Improvements were observed in invasive NAVA: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.5 (4.7–12.4) kPa; p = 0.001, 290 (148–471) versus 271 (103–467); p = 0.002, and NIV-NAVA: 7.5 (4.6–11.7) versus 7.9 (5.2–13.1) kPa; p = 0.001, 283 (128–471) versus 294 (114–471); p = 0.002. Severe BPD infants had reductions in PCO_₂ 48 h post-initiation: 7.2 (5.6–9.7) versus 8.0 (5.4–11.7) kPa; p = 0.002, with lower FiO₂ requirements 0.37 (0.21–0.65) versus 0.43 (0.21–0.8); p = 0.011, and improved S/F ratios 263 (146–471) versus 219 (114–457); p = 0.006. On subgroup analysis, similar improvements were noted in; PCO₂ levels in invasive NAVA (p = 0.011) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002), S/F ratios in invasive NAVA (p = 0.046) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002) and FiO₂ in invasive NAVA (p = 0.034) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.053).

Conclusion: NAVA improves CO_₂ clearance and oxygenation in infants with evolving or established and severe BPD at 48 h post-initiation. In severe BPD, NAVA also reduced oxygen requirements

What is Known:

• NAVA has the potential to improve CO₂ clearance and oxygenation by optimising alveolar ventilation, adapting to the infant's breathing patterns, and enhancing gas exchange.

What is New:

• The beneficial effects of NAVA are sustained in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), improving carbon dioxide clearance and oxygenation at 48 hours after initiation.