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<p>Diffusion tractography is a powerful MRI technique for mapping fibrous tissue architecture, traditionally applied to the white matter of the brain. This report surveys the growing application of tractography to anatomical structures outside the brain, a domain that presents both unique challenges and unique opportunities. We examine its use in the heart, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, brachial plexus, kidney, skeletal muscle, and prostate. For each region, we detail the necessary methodological adaptations for acquisition, modeling, and processing, and highlight the unique anatomical information that can be derived for research and clinical applications. While significant challenges remain - spanning technical hurdles like physiological motion and susceptibility artifacts, to biological complexities like lower anisotropy and the interpretation of streamline validity - tractography beyond the brain provides invaluable, non-invasive insights into tissue micro-organization, opening a new frontier for biomedical imaging.</p>

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Diffusion tractography outside the brain: the road less travelled

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Kurt G. Schilling,
  • Irvin Teh,
  • Julien Cohen-Adad,
  • Richard Dortch,
  • Ibrahim Ibrahim,
  • Nian Wang,
  • Bruce Damon,
  • Rory L. Cochran,
  • Alexander Leemans

摘要

Diffusion tractography is a powerful MRI technique for mapping fibrous tissue architecture, traditionally applied to the white matter of the brain. This report surveys the growing application of tractography to anatomical structures outside the brain, a domain that presents both unique challenges and unique opportunities. We examine its use in the heart, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, brachial plexus, kidney, skeletal muscle, and prostate. For each region, we detail the necessary methodological adaptations for acquisition, modeling, and processing, and highlight the unique anatomical information that can be derived for research and clinical applications. While significant challenges remain - spanning technical hurdles like physiological motion and susceptibility artifacts, to biological complexities like lower anisotropy and the interpretation of streamline validity - tractography beyond the brain provides invaluable, non-invasive insights into tissue micro-organization, opening a new frontier for biomedical imaging.