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Main conclusion <p>This study deciphers the genetic architecture of rice bran nutraceuticals, providing elite germplasm, molecular markers, and candidate genes for breeding biofortified, heart-healthy rice varieties.</p> Abstract <p>Rice bran oil is uniquely rich in nutraceuticals, such as γ-oryzanol and tocols, which confer anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective properties. Despite their nutritional and economic value, the genetic basis of variation in these traits in rice remains poorly understood. We investigated 192 diverse rice genotypes from the globally significant Chhattisgarh germplasm collection. Using multi-year biochemical profiling, we quantified the natural variation in bran oil content, γ-oryzanol, and total tocols. Genome-Wide Association Studies used both the GLM and BLINK models for statistical robustness with 1K-Rice Custom Amplicon (1K-RiCA) SNP genotyping data. We observed wide genetic variation, with oil content reaching 21.8%, γ-oryzanol exceeding 14,000&#xa0;ppm, and tocols reaching up to 170&#xa0;ppm. Genome-wide association studies identified three consistent SNP-trait associations: two (chr01_28142020 and chr10_19217152) with oil content across all seasons and one (chr12_8070782) with γ-oryzanol in two seasons. Candidate gene mining within ± 1&#xa0;Mb revealed lipid metabolism and transport genes, including <i>OsLACS4</i>, multiple <i>OsLTP2</i> family members, and a <i>CXE</i> carboxylesterase that is putatively involved in γ-oryzanol turnover. These genes showed seed-, panicle-, and embryo-specific expression, supporting their roles in oil biosynthesis and storage. This study uncovers the genomic regions and candidate genes underlying nutritionally important compounds in rice bran oil and highlights the underutilized value of Chhattisgarh rice germplasm. By linking specific SNPs to metabolic functions, we provide molecular targets for marker-assisted selection and biofortification strategies aimed at developing rice varieties enriched with health-promoting oil components. These findings establish a foundation for breeding “heart-healthy rice” and contribute to edible oil self-sufficiency.</p>

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Genome-wide association mapping of rice bran oil content and γ-oryzanol reveals candidate genes for lipid biosynthesis and transport

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Samrath Baghel,
  • Parmeshwar Kumar Sahu,
  • Ravi Raj Singh Patel,
  • Poonam Gajanan Bhad,
  • Sayaji Mehetre,
  • Bikram Kishore Das,
  • Girish Chandel,
  • Latif Ahmad Peer,
  • Deepak Sharma,
  • Suvendu Mondal

摘要

Main conclusion

This study deciphers the genetic architecture of rice bran nutraceuticals, providing elite germplasm, molecular markers, and candidate genes for breeding biofortified, heart-healthy rice varieties.

Abstract

Rice bran oil is uniquely rich in nutraceuticals, such as γ-oryzanol and tocols, which confer anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective properties. Despite their nutritional and economic value, the genetic basis of variation in these traits in rice remains poorly understood. We investigated 192 diverse rice genotypes from the globally significant Chhattisgarh germplasm collection. Using multi-year biochemical profiling, we quantified the natural variation in bran oil content, γ-oryzanol, and total tocols. Genome-Wide Association Studies used both the GLM and BLINK models for statistical robustness with 1K-Rice Custom Amplicon (1K-RiCA) SNP genotyping data. We observed wide genetic variation, with oil content reaching 21.8%, γ-oryzanol exceeding 14,000 ppm, and tocols reaching up to 170 ppm. Genome-wide association studies identified three consistent SNP-trait associations: two (chr01_28142020 and chr10_19217152) with oil content across all seasons and one (chr12_8070782) with γ-oryzanol in two seasons. Candidate gene mining within ± 1 Mb revealed lipid metabolism and transport genes, including OsLACS4, multiple OsLTP2 family members, and a CXE carboxylesterase that is putatively involved in γ-oryzanol turnover. These genes showed seed-, panicle-, and embryo-specific expression, supporting their roles in oil biosynthesis and storage. This study uncovers the genomic regions and candidate genes underlying nutritionally important compounds in rice bran oil and highlights the underutilized value of Chhattisgarh rice germplasm. By linking specific SNPs to metabolic functions, we provide molecular targets for marker-assisted selection and biofortification strategies aimed at developing rice varieties enriched with health-promoting oil components. These findings establish a foundation for breeding “heart-healthy rice” and contribute to edible oil self-sufficiency.