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Main conclusion <p>Wheat <i>VRN-B3</i> contains multi-allelic variants conferring earliness per se effects and can generate a new allele by recombining multiple alleles, highlighting its importance for the fine-tuning of heading time.</p> Abstract <p>Fine-tuning of heading time is required for breeding well-adapted varieties of wheat in regional environments. The <i>VRN-B3</i> locus, which encodes the <i>FT-B1</i> gene, is known as a vernalization gene. In this study, we analyzed two alleles in the <i>VRN-B3</i> region: <i>QHt-7B_</i>Zen of a Japanese variety (Zenkouji-komugi) and <i>QHt-7B_</i>spelt of a spelt wheat strain (st. Rumania). Phenotypic evaluation of near-isogeneic lines (NILs) of ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) under long-day (16&#xa0;h) conditions showed that <i>QHt-7B_</i>Zen and <i>QHt-7B_</i>spelt conferred approximately 3.9 d earlier and 3.0 d later heading time compared with CS, respectively. Differences in heading times among NILs were also observed for fully vernalized plants under long-day conditions, indicating their earliness per se effect. Both QTLs behaved as single genes with incomplete dominant effects, and fine-mapping showed that <i>FT-B1</i> was responsible for heading time. Droplet digital PCR analysis revealed that <i>QHt-7B_</i>Zen contained three copies of <i>FT-B1</i>, similar to the CS. <i>QHt-7B_</i>spelt had one <i>FT-B1</i> copy with 14 substitutions, a 15&#xa0;bp insertion in the 4.8&#xa0;kb promoter region, and one amino acid substitution in the third exon, which could be designated as a novel allele, <i>Vrn-B3f</i>. Furthermore, a new allele with two <i>FT-B1</i> copies conferring an intermediate heading time between the parents was created by the recombination of <i>FT-B1</i> copies of CS and NIL for <i>QHt-7B_</i>spelt. Our findings indicate that fine-tuning heading time is possible through the versatility of the <i>VRN-B3</i> locus, which can generate multi-allelic variants that have both vernalization and earliness per se effects in wheat.</p>

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Fine-tuning of heading time by earliness per se effect due to multi-allelic variants in VRN-B3 locus of hexaploid wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Lesly Díaz Suárez,
  • Hatsune Inagaki,
  • Hiroshi Hirata,
  • Yusuke Akimoto,
  • Kana Sakakibayashi,
  • Honoka Seino,
  • Masaki Ito,
  • Liangzi Cao,
  • Kazumi Nakabayashi,
  • Kenji Kato,
  • Kazumitsu Onishi

摘要

Main conclusion

Wheat VRN-B3 contains multi-allelic variants conferring earliness per se effects and can generate a new allele by recombining multiple alleles, highlighting its importance for the fine-tuning of heading time.

Abstract

Fine-tuning of heading time is required for breeding well-adapted varieties of wheat in regional environments. The VRN-B3 locus, which encodes the FT-B1 gene, is known as a vernalization gene. In this study, we analyzed two alleles in the VRN-B3 region: QHt-7B_Zen of a Japanese variety (Zenkouji-komugi) and QHt-7B_spelt of a spelt wheat strain (st. Rumania). Phenotypic evaluation of near-isogeneic lines (NILs) of ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) under long-day (16 h) conditions showed that QHt-7B_Zen and QHt-7B_spelt conferred approximately 3.9 d earlier and 3.0 d later heading time compared with CS, respectively. Differences in heading times among NILs were also observed for fully vernalized plants under long-day conditions, indicating their earliness per se effect. Both QTLs behaved as single genes with incomplete dominant effects, and fine-mapping showed that FT-B1 was responsible for heading time. Droplet digital PCR analysis revealed that QHt-7B_Zen contained three copies of FT-B1, similar to the CS. QHt-7B_spelt had one FT-B1 copy with 14 substitutions, a 15 bp insertion in the 4.8 kb promoter region, and one amino acid substitution in the third exon, which could be designated as a novel allele, Vrn-B3f. Furthermore, a new allele with two FT-B1 copies conferring an intermediate heading time between the parents was created by the recombination of FT-B1 copies of CS and NIL for QHt-7B_spelt. Our findings indicate that fine-tuning heading time is possible through the versatility of the VRN-B3 locus, which can generate multi-allelic variants that have both vernalization and earliness per se effects in wheat.