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Objective <p>To investigate the changes in cognition, anaerobic power, and corresponding cerebral cortex activation characteristics and functional connectivity (FC) following fatigue induced by an acute simulated tennis match.</p> Methods <p>Eighteen healthy adult male tennis enthusiasts (tennis experience: 5 ± 1.4 years, age: 24.5 ± 2.4 years) participated in this study. The participants performed a 90-minute simulated tennis match to induce fatigue. Behavioral data from 2-back task and Wingate tests were collected at three time points: pre-fatigue, immediately post-fatigue, and 1-hour post-fatigue. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was simultaneously used to measure oxyhemoglobin (HbO) levels and 3-minute resting-state FC in the frontal and parietal lobes.</p> Results <p>At 1-hour post-fatigue, 2-back reaction times (RT) increased compared to pre-fatigue, with no significant change in accuracy. During the 2-back task, HbO levels decreased in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) at both post-fatigue time points, whereas frontopolar area (FPA) reductions were more evident at 1-hour post-fatigue. The R-DLPFC was found to play a more critical role in cognitive tasks than the L-DLPFC, and an increase in RT was observed to be negatively correlated with HbO in the R-DLPFC. Peak power and average power output declined immediately and 1-hour post-fatigue compared to pre-fatigue. During the Wingate test, HbO reductions were observed in the R-DLPFC and R-PMSMC at both post-fatigue time points, and in the L-PMSMC at 1-hour post-fatigue. FC decreased more prominently 1-hour post-fatigue, marked by reduced connection strength in specific regions of interest and channels.</p> Conclusion <p>The decline in cognitive and physical performance following tennis-induced fatigue is accompanied by decreased cerebral HbO and FC. This reduction in HbO may indicate a decreased supply of oxygen to the brain and lower levels of brain activation, which could be crucial factors influencing both central and peripheral fatigue during tennis fatigue.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of brain activation and functional connectivity characteristics following tennis-induced acute fatigue: evidence from fNIRS

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Xiaoke Chen,
  • Yiling Song,
  • Chaofan Chen,
  • Jia Chen,
  • Ziying Ye,
  • Chunmei Cao

摘要

Objective

To investigate the changes in cognition, anaerobic power, and corresponding cerebral cortex activation characteristics and functional connectivity (FC) following fatigue induced by an acute simulated tennis match.

Methods

Eighteen healthy adult male tennis enthusiasts (tennis experience: 5 ± 1.4 years, age: 24.5 ± 2.4 years) participated in this study. The participants performed a 90-minute simulated tennis match to induce fatigue. Behavioral data from 2-back task and Wingate tests were collected at three time points: pre-fatigue, immediately post-fatigue, and 1-hour post-fatigue. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was simultaneously used to measure oxyhemoglobin (HbO) levels and 3-minute resting-state FC in the frontal and parietal lobes.

Results

At 1-hour post-fatigue, 2-back reaction times (RT) increased compared to pre-fatigue, with no significant change in accuracy. During the 2-back task, HbO levels decreased in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) at both post-fatigue time points, whereas frontopolar area (FPA) reductions were more evident at 1-hour post-fatigue. The R-DLPFC was found to play a more critical role in cognitive tasks than the L-DLPFC, and an increase in RT was observed to be negatively correlated with HbO in the R-DLPFC. Peak power and average power output declined immediately and 1-hour post-fatigue compared to pre-fatigue. During the Wingate test, HbO reductions were observed in the R-DLPFC and R-PMSMC at both post-fatigue time points, and in the L-PMSMC at 1-hour post-fatigue. FC decreased more prominently 1-hour post-fatigue, marked by reduced connection strength in specific regions of interest and channels.

Conclusion

The decline in cognitive and physical performance following tennis-induced fatigue is accompanied by decreased cerebral HbO and FC. This reduction in HbO may indicate a decreased supply of oxygen to the brain and lower levels of brain activation, which could be crucial factors influencing both central and peripheral fatigue during tennis fatigue.

Graphical abstract