<p>Accurately predicting electrical, thermal, and mechanical responses in human skin is vital for optimizing energy delivery and preventing structural tissue damage during advanced therapies like laser surgery and radiofrequency ablation. However, classical models assume an unrealistic infinite speed of heat propagation and lack physical memory. To resolve this, this study establishes an electromagnetothermoelastic framework combining the dual-phase lag (DPL) model with the non-singular Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative. The model is applied to a one-dimensional skin layer exposed to a uniform magnetic field, an induced electric field, and a time-dependent harmonic thermal load, with solutions derived via Laplace transforms. The primary contribution of this work is the complete elimination of unphysical singularities and mathematical shocks by employing a non-singular Mittag–Leffler memory kernel that realistically represents the tissue's porous microstructure. Key findings demonstrate that skin displays a history-dependent, viscoelastic-like thermal resistance, causing mechanical deformation to propagate as a distinct, delayed wave front. Parametric analysis shows that adjusting the external angular thermal frequency provides precise control over the depth of thermal penetration, while the electric field modulates subsurface profiles. Ultimately, this study proves that effective clinical safety protocols must look beyond absolute temperature limits and critically monitor the continuous, history-dependent mechanical stress and strain fields to prevent sub-surface tissue tearing and ensure maximum protection for adjacent healthy tissue structures.</p>

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Electromagnetothermoelastic analysis of skin tissue using a Mittag–Leffler memory kernel in the dual-phase lag framework

  • Sami F. Megahid

摘要

Accurately predicting electrical, thermal, and mechanical responses in human skin is vital for optimizing energy delivery and preventing structural tissue damage during advanced therapies like laser surgery and radiofrequency ablation. However, classical models assume an unrealistic infinite speed of heat propagation and lack physical memory. To resolve this, this study establishes an electromagnetothermoelastic framework combining the dual-phase lag (DPL) model with the non-singular Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative. The model is applied to a one-dimensional skin layer exposed to a uniform magnetic field, an induced electric field, and a time-dependent harmonic thermal load, with solutions derived via Laplace transforms. The primary contribution of this work is the complete elimination of unphysical singularities and mathematical shocks by employing a non-singular Mittag–Leffler memory kernel that realistically represents the tissue's porous microstructure. Key findings demonstrate that skin displays a history-dependent, viscoelastic-like thermal resistance, causing mechanical deformation to propagate as a distinct, delayed wave front. Parametric analysis shows that adjusting the external angular thermal frequency provides precise control over the depth of thermal penetration, while the electric field modulates subsurface profiles. Ultimately, this study proves that effective clinical safety protocols must look beyond absolute temperature limits and critically monitor the continuous, history-dependent mechanical stress and strain fields to prevent sub-surface tissue tearing and ensure maximum protection for adjacent healthy tissue structures.