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Background <p>Pediatric myopia is a growing public health concern, influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as limited outdoor time and excessive near work. It entails long-term risks beyond refractive correction. Despite expanding evidence on pharmacologic and optical interventions, clinical practice remains variable and several operational issues persist.</p> Objectives <p> To develop evidence-informed consensus statements on pediatric myopia management in Italy, covering epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, monitoring, policy, and economic aspects.</p> Methods <p> Surveys were administered through REDCap between November 2024 and August 2025. Pediatric ophthalmologists rated domain-specific items using Likert scales and optional comments. After each round, anonymized summaries were shared. Items reaching consensus were removed; others were revised when appropriate.</p> Results <p> All 37 ophthalmologists completed every round. Fifty-three statements reached consensus. Key recommendations included early screening at age three, specialized clinics, awareness campaigns, financial support, prioritizing outdoor activity, not recommending red-light therapy, endorsing simultaneous competitive defocus spectacle lenses, and monitoring via cycloplegic refraction and axial length every 6 months.</p> Conclusions <p> This consensus offers a structured framework for Italian practice and policy, while highlighting priorities for future research.</p>

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Italian consensus on pediatric myopia: findings from a three-round modified delphi study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Irene Schiavetti,
  • E. Villani,
  • M. Serafino,
  • R. Caputo,
  • L. Buzzonetti,
  • A. Vagge,
  • P. Nucci,
  • Giacomo Bacci,
  • Contanza Barresi,
  • Luca Buzzonetti,
  • Roberto Caputo,
  • Carlo Catti,
  • Alberto Cuccu,
  • Marika Dello Strologo,
  • Simone Donati,
  • Liviana Fontanel,
  • Antonio Frattolillo,
  • Elena Gusson,
  • Domenico Lepore,
  • Rosa Longo,
  • Adriano Magli,
  • Maria Pia Manitto,
  • Viola Marchiori,
  • Luigi Massa,
  • Cristina Menicacci,
  • Paolo Nucci,
  • Ciro Picardi,
  • Silvia Pignatto,
  • Stefano Pensiero,
  • Sara Pini,
  • Ugo Procoli,
  • Luca Rombetto,
  • Lelio Sabetti,
  • Annabella Salerni,
  • Matteo Scaramuzzi,
  • Irene Schiavetti,
  • Massimiliano Serafino,
  • Monica Stoppani,
  • Giuliano Stramare,
  • Aldo Vagge,
  • Paola Valente,
  • Martino Vannucchi,
  • Edoardo Villani,
  • Andrea Zampieri,
  • Elisabetta Zannin

摘要

Background

Pediatric myopia is a growing public health concern, influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as limited outdoor time and excessive near work. It entails long-term risks beyond refractive correction. Despite expanding evidence on pharmacologic and optical interventions, clinical practice remains variable and several operational issues persist.

Objectives

To develop evidence-informed consensus statements on pediatric myopia management in Italy, covering epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, monitoring, policy, and economic aspects.

Methods

Surveys were administered through REDCap between November 2024 and August 2025. Pediatric ophthalmologists rated domain-specific items using Likert scales and optional comments. After each round, anonymized summaries were shared. Items reaching consensus were removed; others were revised when appropriate.

Results

All 37 ophthalmologists completed every round. Fifty-three statements reached consensus. Key recommendations included early screening at age three, specialized clinics, awareness campaigns, financial support, prioritizing outdoor activity, not recommending red-light therapy, endorsing simultaneous competitive defocus spectacle lenses, and monitoring via cycloplegic refraction and axial length every 6 months.

Conclusions

This consensus offers a structured framework for Italian practice and policy, while highlighting priorities for future research.