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Purpose <p>To quantify anterior chamber depth (ACD) changes and identify associated determinants in individuals with good-corrected visual acuity.</p> Methods <p>In a retrospective single‑centre cohort, participants attending a combined health and eye screening programme underwent same‑day biometry, anthropometry and routine haematology. For each participant, the annual ACD change (mm/year) was estimated as the individual-linear regression slope. The cross-sectional age–ACD relationship was characterised with restricted cubic splines and a single-knot piecewise model. Associations between annual ACD change and baseline characteristics were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression across quartiles of the slopes.</p> Results <p>A total of 2,247 participants (median age at baseline visit 52.7 years) with 10,869 visits over a median follow-up of 4.9 years were analysed. The median annual ACD change was − 1.11 × 10⁻² mm/year (interquartile range − 2.04 × 10⁻² to − 0.24 × 10⁻²). The piecewise model identified a knot at 51.3 years, with estimated ACD narrowing of − 1.52 × 10⁻² mm/year at ages ≤ 51.3 and − 0.91 × 10⁻² mm/year at &gt; 51.3 (both <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Ordinal models showed that younger age and shorter body height were associated with faster ACD narrowing (both <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>ACD narrowing progressed more steeply until approximately 51 years of age, with a trend toward relatively faster narrowing in shorter individuals. These findings suggest that structural predisposition to angle-closure is largely established by early middle age and support targeted monitoring and preventive strategies in middle-aged, shorter adults.</p>

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Longitudinal change in anterior chamber depth and its determinants: a median 4.9-year follow-up of 2,247 Japanese adults

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Taiga Inooka,
  • Ryo Tomita,
  • Taro Kominami,
  • Shota Fujikawa,
  • Tetsuhito Kojima,
  • Shinji Ueno,
  • Yasuki Ito,
  • Koji M. Nishiguchi,
  • Kenya Yuki

摘要

Purpose

To quantify anterior chamber depth (ACD) changes and identify associated determinants in individuals with good-corrected visual acuity.

Methods

In a retrospective single‑centre cohort, participants attending a combined health and eye screening programme underwent same‑day biometry, anthropometry and routine haematology. For each participant, the annual ACD change (mm/year) was estimated as the individual-linear regression slope. The cross-sectional age–ACD relationship was characterised with restricted cubic splines and a single-knot piecewise model. Associations between annual ACD change and baseline characteristics were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression across quartiles of the slopes.

Results

A total of 2,247 participants (median age at baseline visit 52.7 years) with 10,869 visits over a median follow-up of 4.9 years were analysed. The median annual ACD change was − 1.11 × 10⁻² mm/year (interquartile range − 2.04 × 10⁻² to − 0.24 × 10⁻²). The piecewise model identified a knot at 51.3 years, with estimated ACD narrowing of − 1.52 × 10⁻² mm/year at ages ≤ 51.3 and − 0.91 × 10⁻² mm/year at > 51.3 (both P < 0.001). Ordinal models showed that younger age and shorter body height were associated with faster ACD narrowing (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion

ACD narrowing progressed more steeply until approximately 51 years of age, with a trend toward relatively faster narrowing in shorter individuals. These findings suggest that structural predisposition to angle-closure is largely established by early middle age and support targeted monitoring and preventive strategies in middle-aged, shorter adults.