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<p>Freezing of Gait (FOG) research is entering a rapidly evolving phase. Published in early 2026, the International Consortium for FOG (ICFOG) released updated clinical and technical definitions of FOG and introduced a consensus-based standardized testing protocol, the Giladi protocol (GP-FOG), which is currently still under evaluation in an ongoing study. Complementing these advances, two new outcome measures, the clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) and the patient-reported outcome (PRO), are highlighted in this review. Recent technological developments in both detection and potential prevention of FOG are moving the field toward individualized, biomarker-based, on-demand treatment strategies. In addition, emerging insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of FOG, particularly nondopaminergic contributions, are discussed. Together, these developments provide a contemporary framework for improving the assessment, understanding, and personalized management of FOG in Parkinson’s disease.</p>

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What is new in Freezing of Gait?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Eileen Gülke,
  • Simon J. G. Lewis

摘要

Freezing of Gait (FOG) research is entering a rapidly evolving phase. Published in early 2026, the International Consortium for FOG (ICFOG) released updated clinical and technical definitions of FOG and introduced a consensus-based standardized testing protocol, the Giladi protocol (GP-FOG), which is currently still under evaluation in an ongoing study. Complementing these advances, two new outcome measures, the clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) and the patient-reported outcome (PRO), are highlighted in this review. Recent technological developments in both detection and potential prevention of FOG are moving the field toward individualized, biomarker-based, on-demand treatment strategies. In addition, emerging insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of FOG, particularly nondopaminergic contributions, are discussed. Together, these developments provide a contemporary framework for improving the assessment, understanding, and personalized management of FOG in Parkinson’s disease.