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Background <p>Air pollution is linked to an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults.</p> Objective <p>To investigate the link between air pollutant exposure and pediatric MS (pedMS) in an Italian cohort.</p> Methods <p>PEDIGREE (Pediatric Italian Genetic and Environment Exposure) is a multicenter case–control study investigating genetic and environmental factors in MS before the age of 18. Information on environmental and perinatal exposures was collected through the PEQ-IT questionnaire. Air pollution data during the first, second, and third years prior to MS onset (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO levels) were obtained from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program database.</p> Results <p>Data were available for 113 pedMS cases and 117 controls. We found statistically significant associations between pedMS and higher exposure to ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) in the first (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.19; <i>p</i> = 0.007), second (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.18; <i>p</i> = 0.012), and third (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17; <i>p</i> = 0.025) year before MS onset, even after adjusting for gender, age at onset, sun exposure, parental smoking habit, and socioeconomic background. A one-unit increase in O<sub>3</sub> exposure was associated with a roughly 10% increase in pedMS risk.</p> Discussion <p>O<sub>3</sub> may play a significant role in the development of MS by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress.</p>

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Ozone pollution as a possible trigger for multiple sclerosis in young people: the PEDIGREE study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Roberto Bergamaschi,
  • Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro,
  • Enrico Pisoni,
  • Marzia Fronza,
  • Stefania Bova,
  • Pietro Annovazzi,
  • Marta Simone,
  • Antonio Gallo,
  • Agnese Suppiej,
  • Roberta Lanzillo,
  • Sarah Rasia,
  • Angela Berardinelli,
  • Valentina Torri Clerici,
  • Lucia Moiola,
  • Maurizio Viri,
  • Stefano Sotgiu,
  • Simona Malucchi,
  • Alessandra Protti,
  • Carlotta Canavese,
  • Giacomo Lus,
  • Luigi Maria Grimaldi,
  • Marta Conti,
  • Giovanna Borriello,
  • Giovanna De Luca,
  • Valentina Tomassini,
  • Alberto Priori,
  • Martina Tosi,
  • Nicola Pomella,
  • Andrea Corona,
  • Alen Zollo,
  • Maria Pia Amato,
  • Eleonora Cocco,
  • Maria Trojano,
  • Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi,
  • Eleonora Tavazzi,
  • Cristina Montomoli,
  • Sandra D’Alfonso,
  • Angelo Ghezzi,
  • Silvy Pilotto,
  • Maura Pugliatti

摘要

Background

Air pollution is linked to an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults.

Objective

To investigate the link between air pollutant exposure and pediatric MS (pedMS) in an Italian cohort.

Methods

PEDIGREE (Pediatric Italian Genetic and Environment Exposure) is a multicenter case–control study investigating genetic and environmental factors in MS before the age of 18. Information on environmental and perinatal exposures was collected through the PEQ-IT questionnaire. Air pollution data during the first, second, and third years prior to MS onset (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO levels) were obtained from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program database.

Results

Data were available for 113 pedMS cases and 117 controls. We found statistically significant associations between pedMS and higher exposure to ozone (O3) in the first (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.19; p = 0.007), second (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.18; p = 0.012), and third (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17; p = 0.025) year before MS onset, even after adjusting for gender, age at onset, sun exposure, parental smoking habit, and socioeconomic background. A one-unit increase in O3 exposure was associated with a roughly 10% increase in pedMS risk.

Discussion

O3 may play a significant role in the development of MS by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress.