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<p>Old Babylonian cuneiform tablets containing multiplication tables were an essential tool in the education of scribes. Along with other numerical lists, these tables helped students to learn arithmetic and the sexagesimal (base-60) system. The two tablets published here, which are now in the Iraq Museum, contain multiplication tables for 3:20 and 8, respectively. They belong to Type III of the pedagogical material. Despite their provenance being unknown, stylistic and textual clues suggest that the tablets probably originated in southern Mesopotamia, possibly in Larsa. Overall, the tablets provide valuable insights into ancient Babylonian mathematical training and writing conventions.</p>

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Two old Babylonian multiplication tables

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Mohannad Khalaf Jamen Al Shamari,
  • Cécile Michel

摘要

Old Babylonian cuneiform tablets containing multiplication tables were an essential tool in the education of scribes. Along with other numerical lists, these tables helped students to learn arithmetic and the sexagesimal (base-60) system. The two tablets published here, which are now in the Iraq Museum, contain multiplication tables for 3:20 and 8, respectively. They belong to Type III of the pedagogical material. Despite their provenance being unknown, stylistic and textual clues suggest that the tablets probably originated in southern Mesopotamia, possibly in Larsa. Overall, the tablets provide valuable insights into ancient Babylonian mathematical training and writing conventions.