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Background <p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness during adolescence, with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a characteristic manifestation of adolescents with MDD. Research has shown that persistent NSSI has a more significant impact on the prognosis of MDD that begins during adolescence. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial predictors of persistent NSSI.</p> Methods <p>A total of 206 adolescents with MDD were finally included in the statistical analysis. Patients were assessed for NSSI at baseline and one year after enrollment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for persistent NSSI. The predictive performance of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p> Results <p>Among adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI, the 1-year prevalence rate of persistent NSSI was 32.23%. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) score was essential for predicting persistent NSSI (OR 1.098, 95% CI 1.017–85, <i>P</i> = 0.016). Age (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.415–0.925, <i>P</i> = 0.019) can also be used to predict the occurrence of persistent NSSI. The combined predictive value of TAS score and age for persistent NSSI was higher, with an AUC of 0.792 (95% CI 0.685–0.899, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>This study found that Chinese adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI are at increased risk for persistent NSSI. Specifically, age and alexithymia are predictive of its occurrence. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to younger adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI and screen them for alexithymia, in order to implement early intervention and prevent persistent NSSI.</p>

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Psychosocial predictors of persistent non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: a longitudinal study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Haojie Fan,
  • Lewei Liu,
  • Yun Zhang,
  • Mingru Hao,
  • Xi Zhang,
  • Lili Zhao,
  • Yinghan Tian,
  • Cheng Yang,
  • Jiawei Wang,
  • Xin Zhao,
  • Daming Mo,
  • Feng Geng,
  • Lei Xia,
  • Huanzhong Liu

摘要

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness during adolescence, with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a characteristic manifestation of adolescents with MDD. Research has shown that persistent NSSI has a more significant impact on the prognosis of MDD that begins during adolescence. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial predictors of persistent NSSI.

Methods

A total of 206 adolescents with MDD were finally included in the statistical analysis. Patients were assessed for NSSI at baseline and one year after enrollment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for persistent NSSI. The predictive performance of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Among adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI, the 1-year prevalence rate of persistent NSSI was 32.23%. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) score was essential for predicting persistent NSSI (OR 1.098, 95% CI 1.017–85, P = 0.016). Age (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.415–0.925, P = 0.019) can also be used to predict the occurrence of persistent NSSI. The combined predictive value of TAS score and age for persistent NSSI was higher, with an AUC of 0.792 (95% CI 0.685–0.899, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study found that Chinese adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI are at increased risk for persistent NSSI. Specifically, age and alexithymia are predictive of its occurrence. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to younger adolescents with MDD who engage in NSSI and screen them for alexithymia, in order to implement early intervention and prevent persistent NSSI.