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Background <p>Schizophrenia (SZ) involves severe psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments, but their relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the cognitive function across subtypes of first-episode antipsychotic-naïve SZ (FEAN-SZ) using event-related potentials.</p> Methods <p>The study included 321 FEAN-SZ patients, with patients classified into positive symptom-dominant (PSD), negative symptom-dominant (NSD), and general symptom-dominant (GSD) groups. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. P300 and N100 components were measured using a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm.</p> Results <p>shorter latencies and larger amplitudes of both P300 and N100 components compared to the NSD and GSD groups (all <i>p</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> &lt; 0.05), with no significant differences between NSD and GSD groups. Partial correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between negative symptoms and the latencies of N100, P3a and P3b (<i>r</i> = 0.365, 0.563, 0.458; all <i>p</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> &lt; 0.001), as well as significant negative associations with their amplitudes (<i>r</i> = -0.352, -0.296, -0.265; all <i>p</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression further indicated that the latencies (β = 0.040, 0.014, 0.010, all <i>p</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> &lt; 0.01) and amplitudes (β = -0.142, -0.181, -0.136, all <i>p</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> &lt; 0.05) of N100, P3a and P3b significantly distinguished the PSD group from the NSD and GSD groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Patients with NSD and GSD subtypes exhibit more pronounced alterations in cognitive function, with negative symptoms closely associated with these differences. P300 and N100 components may serve as sensitive electrophysiological markers for characterizing cognitive function across SZ subtypes.</p>

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Cognitive function differences across subtypes of first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia: insights from event-related potentials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Chenghao Lu,
  • Shaobing Li,
  • Xiaofei Zhang,
  • Yuxin Han,
  • Lijun Wang,
  • Wenjie Sun,
  • Chuhao Zhang,
  • Shuzhe Wang,
  • Shen Li,
  • Jie Li,
  • Xiang Yang Zhang

摘要

Background

Schizophrenia (SZ) involves severe psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments, but their relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the cognitive function across subtypes of first-episode antipsychotic-naïve SZ (FEAN-SZ) using event-related potentials.

Methods

The study included 321 FEAN-SZ patients, with patients classified into positive symptom-dominant (PSD), negative symptom-dominant (NSD), and general symptom-dominant (GSD) groups. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. P300 and N100 components were measured using a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm.

Results

shorter latencies and larger amplitudes of both P300 and N100 components compared to the NSD and GSD groups (all ps < 0.05), with no significant differences between NSD and GSD groups. Partial correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between negative symptoms and the latencies of N100, P3a and P3b (r = 0.365, 0.563, 0.458; all ps < 0.001), as well as significant negative associations with their amplitudes (r = -0.352, -0.296, -0.265; all ps < 0.001). Logistic regression further indicated that the latencies (β = 0.040, 0.014, 0.010, all ps < 0.01) and amplitudes (β = -0.142, -0.181, -0.136, all ps < 0.05) of N100, P3a and P3b significantly distinguished the PSD group from the NSD and GSD groups.

Conclusions

Patients with NSD and GSD subtypes exhibit more pronounced alterations in cognitive function, with negative symptoms closely associated with these differences. P300 and N100 components may serve as sensitive electrophysiological markers for characterizing cognitive function across SZ subtypes.