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Background <p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by high smoking prevalence, metabolic disturbances, and cognitive impairments. The specific impact of smoking on metabolic and cognitive profiles in SCZ remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among smoking behavior, metabolic status, and cognitive functioning in SCZ.</p> Methods <p>A total of 773 chronic SCZ patients were assessed for metabolic parameters, including blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functioning were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively.</p> Results <p>Of the SCZ patients, 32.99% were smokers. Smoking patients were older, had fewer years of education. Smoking was associated with lower negative symptom scores on the PANSS. Notably, in non-smoking patients, hip circumference was negatively correlated with clinical symptom severity but positively correlated with cognitive function. However, these correlations were not observed among smokers. Instead, the smoking group exhibited a distinct negative association between systolic blood pressure and negative symptoms.</p> Conclusion <p>In non-smoking patients, larger hip circumference was associated with milder negative symptoms and better cognitive function. In smokers, this association disappears. In addition, smokers have less severe negative symptoms than non-smokers.</p>

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Smoking and its associations with metabolic indices, clinical symptoms, and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Jingxuan Liu,
  • Qin Qin,
  • Hongyu Zhang,
  • Linxuan Wang,
  • Yuxin Han,
  • Lijun Wang,
  • Wenjie Sun,
  • Yonghui Zhang,
  • Shen Li

摘要

Background

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by high smoking prevalence, metabolic disturbances, and cognitive impairments. The specific impact of smoking on metabolic and cognitive profiles in SCZ remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among smoking behavior, metabolic status, and cognitive functioning in SCZ.

Methods

A total of 773 chronic SCZ patients were assessed for metabolic parameters, including blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functioning were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively.

Results

Of the SCZ patients, 32.99% were smokers. Smoking patients were older, had fewer years of education. Smoking was associated with lower negative symptom scores on the PANSS. Notably, in non-smoking patients, hip circumference was negatively correlated with clinical symptom severity but positively correlated with cognitive function. However, these correlations were not observed among smokers. Instead, the smoking group exhibited a distinct negative association between systolic blood pressure and negative symptoms.

Conclusion

In non-smoking patients, larger hip circumference was associated with milder negative symptoms and better cognitive function. In smokers, this association disappears. In addition, smokers have less severe negative symptoms than non-smokers.