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Introduction <p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used to treat benign thyroid nodules. While pre-ablation cancer screenings can produce false-negatives, tumor seeding is rare, and aggressive thyroid cancers following RFA have not been reported. We present two cases of potential track seeding after RFA.</p> Case report <p>The first patient is a 56-year-old female who developed anaplastic thyroid cancer, while the second is a 61-year-old female diagnosed with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Both had a history of RFA for presumed benign nodules, with cancer identified at the intervention sites.</p> Conclusion <p>These cases highlight the need for thorough pre-treatment biopsy and careful needle handling during RFA. To date, no cases of cancer directly induced by RFA have been reported; therefore, it is likely that thyroid carcinoma coexisted at the time of the procedure or developed afterward. Early detection through regular follow-up could have prevented progression to aggressive disease. This emphasizes the importance of diligent post-procedural monitoring.</p>

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Anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas at intervention sites: implications of track seeding and the importance of follow-up monitoring– report of two cases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月14日

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  • Jungirl Seok,
  • Yoo Hyung Kim,
  • Jae-Kyung Won,
  • Yul Hwangbo,
  • Seog Yun Park,
  • Junsun Ryu

摘要

Introduction

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used to treat benign thyroid nodules. While pre-ablation cancer screenings can produce false-negatives, tumor seeding is rare, and aggressive thyroid cancers following RFA have not been reported. We present two cases of potential track seeding after RFA.

Case report

The first patient is a 56-year-old female who developed anaplastic thyroid cancer, while the second is a 61-year-old female diagnosed with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Both had a history of RFA for presumed benign nodules, with cancer identified at the intervention sites.

Conclusion

These cases highlight the need for thorough pre-treatment biopsy and careful needle handling during RFA. To date, no cases of cancer directly induced by RFA have been reported; therefore, it is likely that thyroid carcinoma coexisted at the time of the procedure or developed afterward. Early detection through regular follow-up could have prevented progression to aggressive disease. This emphasizes the importance of diligent post-procedural monitoring.