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<p>Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorders, affecting a substantial proportion of adolescents and adults worldwide. While conventional treatments such as antibiotics, hormonal therapy, and retinoids have been widely used, they often come with limitations such as drug resistance, systemic side effects, or poor long-term adherence. Recent years have witnessed a surge in innovative acne therapies that target the underlying pathophysiology with greater specificity and fewer adverse effects. These include oral agents that inhibit metabolic enzymes critical for sebaceous gland function, microbiome-targeted approaches such as bacteriophage therapy, next-generation topical agents with anti-androgen or anti-inflammatory effects, non-invasive devices like sebum-targeting lasers, and advanced follicular drug delivery systems. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being employed to personalize acne management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these emerging strategies, critically evaluates their mechanisms and clinical potential, and discusses future directions for integrated and precision acne therapy.</p>

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Emerging therapies for acne: from metabolic targets to microbiome modulation and precision delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Dongyu Hou,
  • Tengfei Feng,
  • Shuangshuang Wang,
  • Qi Xu,
  • Yuxin Shi,
  • Dexuan Zhuang,
  • Jing Guo,
  • Xunwei Wu

摘要

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorders, affecting a substantial proportion of adolescents and adults worldwide. While conventional treatments such as antibiotics, hormonal therapy, and retinoids have been widely used, they often come with limitations such as drug resistance, systemic side effects, or poor long-term adherence. Recent years have witnessed a surge in innovative acne therapies that target the underlying pathophysiology with greater specificity and fewer adverse effects. These include oral agents that inhibit metabolic enzymes critical for sebaceous gland function, microbiome-targeted approaches such as bacteriophage therapy, next-generation topical agents with anti-androgen or anti-inflammatory effects, non-invasive devices like sebum-targeting lasers, and advanced follicular drug delivery systems. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being employed to personalize acne management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these emerging strategies, critically evaluates their mechanisms and clinical potential, and discusses future directions for integrated and precision acne therapy.