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<p>Malignant cylindroma (MC) is a rare but aggressive adnexal neoplasm, often arising from benign cylindroma or in association with Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. Due to its rarity, the pathogenesis, optimal treatment strategies, and prognosis remain poorly understood. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of MC. We summarize key patient demographics, clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and treatment outcomes. Our findings highlight the scalp as the most frequent tumor site, with surgical excision being the predominant treatment. However, MC demonstrates a high propensity for metastasis, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. While surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) remain the primary interventions, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been explored in select cases. This review aims to enhance clinician awareness of MC and guide future research toward optimizing patient outcomes.</p>

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Malignant cylindroma: a systematic review of clinical presentation, histopathology, and treatment outcomes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Lanah Almatroud,
  • Leo Wan,
  • Aileen Park,
  • Amor Khachemoune

摘要

Malignant cylindroma (MC) is a rare but aggressive adnexal neoplasm, often arising from benign cylindroma or in association with Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. Due to its rarity, the pathogenesis, optimal treatment strategies, and prognosis remain poorly understood. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of MC. We summarize key patient demographics, clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and treatment outcomes. Our findings highlight the scalp as the most frequent tumor site, with surgical excision being the predominant treatment. However, MC demonstrates a high propensity for metastasis, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. While surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) remain the primary interventions, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been explored in select cases. This review aims to enhance clinician awareness of MC and guide future research toward optimizing patient outcomes.