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<p>Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly causes symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and sore throat, but can also lead to more severe clinical manifestations. This study aims to investigate viral antigen expression in cutaneous lesions that developed following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination. Cutaneous involvement of SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with mechanisms such as organ damage mediated by ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) receptors and increased cytokine levels. Various cutaneous reactions have also been reported following the administration of different types of COVID-19 vaccines developed in response to the pandemic. In our study, 79 patients who underwent skin biopsy between June 2020 and February 2021 due to skin lesions after COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination were evaluated, and the presence of viral antigens was assessed using immunohistochemical methods. According to the findings, positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression was detected in 19 patients. Most of these cases consisted of psoriasis and vasculitis following vaccination; however, expression was also observed in various other dermatologic conditions. Consistent with the literature, it was demonstrated that mRNA vaccines may activate Th1/Th17 responses, contributing to psoriasis exacerbation, while COVID-19 infection may lead to vascular injury via complement activation.</p>

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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-1/2 spike protein expression in skin biopsies following COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Gözde Arslan,
  • Nur Gizem Bolat,
  • Ümit Türsen,
  • Yasemin Yuyucu Karabulut

摘要

Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly causes symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and sore throat, but can also lead to more severe clinical manifestations. This study aims to investigate viral antigen expression in cutaneous lesions that developed following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination. Cutaneous involvement of SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with mechanisms such as organ damage mediated by ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) receptors and increased cytokine levels. Various cutaneous reactions have also been reported following the administration of different types of COVID-19 vaccines developed in response to the pandemic. In our study, 79 patients who underwent skin biopsy between June 2020 and February 2021 due to skin lesions after COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination were evaluated, and the presence of viral antigens was assessed using immunohistochemical methods. According to the findings, positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression was detected in 19 patients. Most of these cases consisted of psoriasis and vasculitis following vaccination; however, expression was also observed in various other dermatologic conditions. Consistent with the literature, it was demonstrated that mRNA vaccines may activate Th1/Th17 responses, contributing to psoriasis exacerbation, while COVID-19 infection may lead to vascular injury via complement activation.