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<p>Dermatomyositis (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects both the skin and muscles. While it primarily affects adults, with a higher prevalence in females, it can also occur in children. DM is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies which are divided mainly into two subgroups: myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs). Furthermore, DM has been strongly associated with a high risk of malignancy, with the majority of cancers occurring in the first year following the diagnosis of the disease. Notably, certain MSAs are associated with this increased cancer risk. Specifically, anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1-γ) autoantibodies have been strongly linked with cancer-associated DM. Due to this strong association, the detection of these autoantibodies is valuable for stratifying the risk of underlying cancer. However, a considerable portion of anti-TIF1-γ–positive DM patients develop malignancy outside of the timeframe used to define cancer-associated DM, or even never go on to develop cancer. Here we summarize the role of TIF1-γ in tumorigenesis, examine the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of anti-TIF1-γ-positive cancer-associated DM and provide the latest developments in identifying predictive biomarkers for cancer development in this subgroup of patients.</p>

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Anti-TIF1-γ-positive dermatomyositis: novel biomarkers for cancer risk stratification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Ioannis-Alexios Koumprentziotis,
  • Konstantinos Drougkas,
  • Alexander Stratigos,
  • Efthymia Soura

摘要

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects both the skin and muscles. While it primarily affects adults, with a higher prevalence in females, it can also occur in children. DM is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies which are divided mainly into two subgroups: myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs). Furthermore, DM has been strongly associated with a high risk of malignancy, with the majority of cancers occurring in the first year following the diagnosis of the disease. Notably, certain MSAs are associated with this increased cancer risk. Specifically, anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1-γ) autoantibodies have been strongly linked with cancer-associated DM. Due to this strong association, the detection of these autoantibodies is valuable for stratifying the risk of underlying cancer. However, a considerable portion of anti-TIF1-γ–positive DM patients develop malignancy outside of the timeframe used to define cancer-associated DM, or even never go on to develop cancer. Here we summarize the role of TIF1-γ in tumorigenesis, examine the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of anti-TIF1-γ-positive cancer-associated DM and provide the latest developments in identifying predictive biomarkers for cancer development in this subgroup of patients.