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Purpose <p>Supracondylar humerus fractures in children are common elbow injuries. This finite element analysis (FEA) study investigates the biomechanical properties of five Kirschner pin fixation techniques for pediatric extension-type fractures, with a focus on proposing a novel posterolateral double-pin caudal fixation method (Group E).</p> Method <p>A three-dimensional finite element model was developed based on CT scans of a 5-year-old child’s humerus to simulate extension-type fractures. Five fixation configurations were compared: Group A: Mediolateral cross-pinning (3 pins); Group B: Cross-pinning (2 pins); Group C: Lateral fan-pinning (3 pins); Group D: Lateral fan-pinning (2 pins); Group E: Novel technique with two lateral pins connected extracorporeally (2 pins) Biomechanical testing includes tensile (30&#xa0;N·mm), torsion (135&#xa0;N·mm), and inversion (100&#xa0;N·mm) load testing for all groups.</p> Results <p>Optimal stability: Group A (tensile: 167.15&#xa0;MPa, torsion: 153.96&#xa0;MPa, inversion: 146.98&#xa0;MPa).Novel Group E performance: Tensile: 174.02&#xa0;MPa (vs. 176.98&#xa0;MPa in Group D), Torsion: 162.99&#xa0;MPa (vs. 236.8&#xa0;MPa in Group D), Inversion: 169.19&#xa0;MPa (vs. 151.11&#xa0;MPa in Group D), Group E significantly outperformed Group D and approached the stability of Groups B/C.</p> Conclusion <p>The novel extracorporeal-connected double-pin fixation (Group E) provides comparable biomechanical stability to conventional three-pin techniques while eliminating medial pinning-related ulnar nerve injury risks. It represents a viable optimized option for clinical practice.</p> Level of evidence <p>IV (Computational biomechanical study).</p>

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Finite element analysis of the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children with kirschner’s pin and a new method of treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Bicheng Liu,
  • Hanjie Liu,
  • Xiangyu Lv,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Chenglei Zhao,
  • Man He,
  • Jingxin Zhao

摘要

Purpose

Supracondylar humerus fractures in children are common elbow injuries. This finite element analysis (FEA) study investigates the biomechanical properties of five Kirschner pin fixation techniques for pediatric extension-type fractures, with a focus on proposing a novel posterolateral double-pin caudal fixation method (Group E).

Method

A three-dimensional finite element model was developed based on CT scans of a 5-year-old child’s humerus to simulate extension-type fractures. Five fixation configurations were compared: Group A: Mediolateral cross-pinning (3 pins); Group B: Cross-pinning (2 pins); Group C: Lateral fan-pinning (3 pins); Group D: Lateral fan-pinning (2 pins); Group E: Novel technique with two lateral pins connected extracorporeally (2 pins) Biomechanical testing includes tensile (30 N·mm), torsion (135 N·mm), and inversion (100 N·mm) load testing for all groups.

Results

Optimal stability: Group A (tensile: 167.15 MPa, torsion: 153.96 MPa, inversion: 146.98 MPa).Novel Group E performance: Tensile: 174.02 MPa (vs. 176.98 MPa in Group D), Torsion: 162.99 MPa (vs. 236.8 MPa in Group D), Inversion: 169.19 MPa (vs. 151.11 MPa in Group D), Group E significantly outperformed Group D and approached the stability of Groups B/C.

Conclusion

The novel extracorporeal-connected double-pin fixation (Group E) provides comparable biomechanical stability to conventional three-pin techniques while eliminating medial pinning-related ulnar nerve injury risks. It represents a viable optimized option for clinical practice.

Level of evidence

IV (Computational biomechanical study).