<p>The research focuses on the removal of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) from water using a sustainable functional material designed as a toolkit, consisting of dual cation cross-linked alginate beads that incorporate kaolin (Fe/Ca-Alg@K). Key findings include: (1) the beads incorporate 3&#xa0;g of K (Fe/Ca-Alg@K3), effectively adsorbed CTC; (2) an optimal dosage of 200&#xa0;mg of beads achieved a notable removal rate of 95.12% at an initial concentration of 50&#xa0;mg/L; (3) the pH level of the solution slightly affected the adsorption process; (4) the kinetic data aligned well with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, with physisorption being the dominant mechanism; (5) isotherm studies indicated that the adsorbent followed the Langmuir model, achieving a high correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94) and a maximum uptake of 156.46&#xa0;mg/g at 318&#xa0;K; (6) the inclusion of K in the Alg matrix notably enhanced the adsorbent’s reusability; (7) the presence of high concentration of various ions slightly reduce the removal of CTC; (8) XPS analysis revealed that the adsorption mechanism of CTC involved several interactions involving both the functional groups of beads and the silicon component of K; (9) these beads have the potential to reduce chemical oxygen demand to acceptable levels in pharmaceutical and surface wastewaters.</p>

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Dual cation cross-linked alginate-kaolin hydrogel beads: a sustainable and powerful toolkit for enhancing wastewater remediation

  • Meriem Fizir,
  • Khawla Boussibeur,
  • Amina Richa,
  • Sami Touil,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Houda Douba,
  • Asma Dilmi,
  • Souad Cherifi,
  • Houria Rezala,
  • Meryem Briki,
  • Jiawei Shi

摘要

The research focuses on the removal of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) from water using a sustainable functional material designed as a toolkit, consisting of dual cation cross-linked alginate beads that incorporate kaolin (Fe/Ca-Alg@K). Key findings include: (1) the beads incorporate 3 g of K (Fe/Ca-Alg@K3), effectively adsorbed CTC; (2) an optimal dosage of 200 mg of beads achieved a notable removal rate of 95.12% at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L; (3) the pH level of the solution slightly affected the adsorption process; (4) the kinetic data aligned well with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, with physisorption being the dominant mechanism; (5) isotherm studies indicated that the adsorbent followed the Langmuir model, achieving a high correlation (R2 = 0.94) and a maximum uptake of 156.46 mg/g at 318 K; (6) the inclusion of K in the Alg matrix notably enhanced the adsorbent’s reusability; (7) the presence of high concentration of various ions slightly reduce the removal of CTC; (8) XPS analysis revealed that the adsorption mechanism of CTC involved several interactions involving both the functional groups of beads and the silicon component of K; (9) these beads have the potential to reduce chemical oxygen demand to acceptable levels in pharmaceutical and surface wastewaters.