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<p>Two phosphorus-containing polymethacrylate viscosity index (VI) improvers were designed and synthesised successfully via free radical polymerisation. Specifically, the two polymers were prepared by copolymerising dodecyl methacrylate with two different phosphorus-containing monomers, namely 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, respectively. It is noteworthy that the synthesized polymers demonstrate remarkable VI-improving performance. When incorporated at a concentration of 5 wt% into the mineral base oil (150&#xa0;N, base oil grade), all polymer samples effectively enhance the viscosity index. As multifunctional additives, they also demonstrate superior tribological performance in comparison to the commercially available 6300&#xa0;V—their shear stability is superior, indicating excellent shear resistance. In situations involving extreme pressure performance, the two polymers (P(LMA-MP) and P(LMA-DP)) have been shown to significantly increase the load-carrying capacity of the 150&#xa0;N mineral base oil from 200&#xa0;N to a maximum of 600&#xa0;N. They have also been demonstrated to exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of anti-wear and friction-reduction properties, effectively lowering the friction coefficient and wear volume. The structural modification of the copolymers (introduction of phosphorus-containing groups) is responsible for the enhanced tribological performance: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the friction surfaces reveal that a protective friction film, mainly composed of iron oxide and iron phosphate, is formed, while the polymethacrylate backbone ensures their excellent VI-improving capability.</p>

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Probing the function of polymethacrylates structure containing phosphate ester under boundary lubrication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Chao Ju,
  • Weiyan Liao,
  • Junming Liu,
  • Huaigang Su,
  • Shengmao Zhang,
  • Qin Zhao,
  • Gaiqing Zhao,
  • Xiaobo Wang

摘要

Two phosphorus-containing polymethacrylate viscosity index (VI) improvers were designed and synthesised successfully via free radical polymerisation. Specifically, the two polymers were prepared by copolymerising dodecyl methacrylate with two different phosphorus-containing monomers, namely 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, respectively. It is noteworthy that the synthesized polymers demonstrate remarkable VI-improving performance. When incorporated at a concentration of 5 wt% into the mineral base oil (150 N, base oil grade), all polymer samples effectively enhance the viscosity index. As multifunctional additives, they also demonstrate superior tribological performance in comparison to the commercially available 6300 V—their shear stability is superior, indicating excellent shear resistance. In situations involving extreme pressure performance, the two polymers (P(LMA-MP) and P(LMA-DP)) have been shown to significantly increase the load-carrying capacity of the 150 N mineral base oil from 200 N to a maximum of 600 N. They have also been demonstrated to exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of anti-wear and friction-reduction properties, effectively lowering the friction coefficient and wear volume. The structural modification of the copolymers (introduction of phosphorus-containing groups) is responsible for the enhanced tribological performance: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the friction surfaces reveal that a protective friction film, mainly composed of iron oxide and iron phosphate, is formed, while the polymethacrylate backbone ensures their excellent VI-improving capability.