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<p>The adsorptive removal of Ag(I) from aqueous systems is important for mitigating environmental contamination and enabling resource recovery. However, conventional adsorbents and membrane materials often suffer from limited selectivity, poor reusability, and insufficient structural stability. In this study, a crown ether-triazole (CETAZ) functional moiety was synthesized and incorporated into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix via a phase inversion process to fabricate a composite membrane for selective Ag(I) adsorption. Structural and surface characterization using FT-IR, FE-SEM, XPS, and BET analyses confirmed the successful incorporation and uniform dispersion of CETAZ within the PVDF matrix, resulting in increased surface area, reduced pore size, and improved membrane stability. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a high affinity toward Ag(I), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 71.86&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ and equilibrium attained within 2.5&#xa0;h. Kinetic and isotherm analyses indicated that Ag(I) adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model and conforms to the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption mechanism. Regeneration studies showed that the composite membrane retained more than 93% of its initial adsorption capacity after four consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating good reusability and structural durability. These results demonstrate that CETAZ-functionalized PVDF composite membranes are effective and reusable adsorptive materials for selective Ag(I) recovery from aqueous solutions.</p>

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Crown ether-triazole functionalized PVDF composite membranes for selective Ag(I) adsorption from aqueous systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • N. Supraja,
  • S. Karpagam

摘要

The adsorptive removal of Ag(I) from aqueous systems is important for mitigating environmental contamination and enabling resource recovery. However, conventional adsorbents and membrane materials often suffer from limited selectivity, poor reusability, and insufficient structural stability. In this study, a crown ether-triazole (CETAZ) functional moiety was synthesized and incorporated into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix via a phase inversion process to fabricate a composite membrane for selective Ag(I) adsorption. Structural and surface characterization using FT-IR, FE-SEM, XPS, and BET analyses confirmed the successful incorporation and uniform dispersion of CETAZ within the PVDF matrix, resulting in increased surface area, reduced pore size, and improved membrane stability. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a high affinity toward Ag(I), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 71.86 mg g⁻¹ and equilibrium attained within 2.5 h. Kinetic and isotherm analyses indicated that Ag(I) adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model and conforms to the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption mechanism. Regeneration studies showed that the composite membrane retained more than 93% of its initial adsorption capacity after four consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating good reusability and structural durability. These results demonstrate that CETAZ-functionalized PVDF composite membranes are effective and reusable adsorptive materials for selective Ag(I) recovery from aqueous solutions.