Thermodynamic study of CTAB Micellization in the presence of bifonazole and lecithin: enhancing solubility and permeability
摘要
Bifonazole is an antifungal agent with poor water solubility, which limits its effectiveness in topical applications due to insufficient solubilization and interfacial properties. This study systematically examined the micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in hydro-ethanolic media, in the presence of bifonazole and lecithin. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and related thermodynamic parameters were determined using surface tension, density, and contact angle measurements. The findings showed that adding lecithin lowered the CMC of CTAB and improved interfacial activity, indicating more efficient micelle formation. Negative ΔGºm values across all solvent mixtures confirmed that micellization occurred spontaneously, while positive ΔSºm values indicated an entropy-driven process. The transition of ΔHºm from positive in aqueous media to negative at higher ethanol fractions suggests a shift in the dominant micellization forces. A higher ethanol fraction further promoted micellization by enhancing hydrophobic interactions. The decrease in contact angle demonstrated better wettability of the system. These studies are crucial for understanding the strength of interactions within the system and for preparing ethosomal formulations containing bifonazole, lecithin, and CTAB micelles.
Graphical Abstract