Investigation of the effects of hydrotropes and temperature on the micelle formation and physicochemical parameters of cetylpyridinium bromide and moxifloxacin hydrochloride mixture
摘要
This study explores the interactions between fourth-generation antibiotic moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MFH) and cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) in aqueous solutions containing various hydrotropes, including sodium benzoate (NaBenz), sodium salicylate (NaSal), p-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA), and caffeine. Conductivity measurement technique was used to determine the key physicochemical parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), micellar ionization degree (α), and counter-ion binding fraction (β). The CMC values were found to be dependent strongly on the presence of MFH, the type of hydrotropes and their concentrations as well as temperature variation. The standard thermodynamic functions of micellization were estimated from the temperature dependence of CMC. Negative values of free energy across all systems confirmed the spontaneous nature of micellization, which was further promoted at higher temperatures. The results suggest that hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ion–dipole, and electrostatic interactions jointly govern the association between MFH and CPB, while the favorable enthalpic contribution highlights the enhanced stability of the micelles formed in the respective system. Beyond the fundamental insights, these significant research findings hold practical applications, as MFH–CPB mixed systems stabilized by hydrotropes can be exploited in various pharmaceutical and industrial formulations to improve drug solubilization, stability, and delivery efficiency.
Graphical Abstract