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<p>Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is attracted considerable attention as a way to designing advanced functional materials. Poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI), being a water-soluble, non-toxic and biocompatible polymer, is an excellent candidate for the creation of metal-polymer nanocomposites intended for biomedical applications. In this article, we report that X-ray irradiation of aqueous solutions of PVI-Au(III) and PVI-Ag(I) complexes leads to the formation of Au and Ag NPs smaller than 7 and 15&#xa0;nm, respectively. Importantly, a combination of cryogenic electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering studies has shown that, within the polymer matrix, the ultrasmall Au NPs tend to arrange in chains, while the larger Ag NPs assemble into more compact three-dimensional aggregates. Based on electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we infer that in the liquid phase the PVI-stabilized Au and Ag NPs possess different effective surface charge, resulted from the adsorption of metal ions forming coordinate bonds with the imidazole groups. Thus, the present study explicitly demonstrates that the radiation-chemical synthesis, free from the use of chemical reducing agents, is accompanied by the formation of PVI-NPs agglomerates, the spatial order of which is primarily determined by the effective surface charge and sizes of NPs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Self-assembly of poly(1-vinylimidazole)-stabilized Au and Ag nanoparticles: formation of spatially ordered aggregates during radiation-chemical synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Alexey A. Zharikov,
  • Rodion A. Vinogradov,
  • Artem V. Bakirov,
  • Elena A. Zezina,
  • Alexey A. Mikhutkin,
  • Evgeny V. Yastremsky,
  • Yuri M. Chesnokov,
  • Alexander L. Vasiliev,
  • Oxana V. Vyshivannaya,
  • Andrey V. Sybachin,
  • Alexander S. Pozdnyakov,
  • Vladimir I. Feldman,
  • Sergei N. Chvalun,
  • Alexey A. Zezin

摘要

Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is attracted considerable attention as a way to designing advanced functional materials. Poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI), being a water-soluble, non-toxic and biocompatible polymer, is an excellent candidate for the creation of metal-polymer nanocomposites intended for biomedical applications. In this article, we report that X-ray irradiation of aqueous solutions of PVI-Au(III) and PVI-Ag(I) complexes leads to the formation of Au and Ag NPs smaller than 7 and 15 nm, respectively. Importantly, a combination of cryogenic electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering studies has shown that, within the polymer matrix, the ultrasmall Au NPs tend to arrange in chains, while the larger Ag NPs assemble into more compact three-dimensional aggregates. Based on electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we infer that in the liquid phase the PVI-stabilized Au and Ag NPs possess different effective surface charge, resulted from the adsorption of metal ions forming coordinate bonds with the imidazole groups. Thus, the present study explicitly demonstrates that the radiation-chemical synthesis, free from the use of chemical reducing agents, is accompanied by the formation of PVI-NPs agglomerates, the spatial order of which is primarily determined by the effective surface charge and sizes of NPs.

Graphical abstract