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<p>The desiccation patterns of colloidal drops evaporating on solid surfaces involves multiple physico-chemical processes, mainly including the redistribution of the non-volatile materials ascribed to the moving liquid medium, the phase transition of the drop from liquid to solid, the generated mechanical stresses in the solid phase and the subsequent crack growth. The mechanisms underlying behind each of the sub-processes is not only a research attention, but also the foundation of engineering applications covering from designed manufactured surfaces to medical diagnostic screening. To understand these mechanisms, several driving forces of the redistribution of colloidal materials in the drop are introduced, for instance various types of liquid flows in the drop, the inter-particle interaction and the adsorption of colloidal particles onto substrate. One type of phase transition - “coffee ring” formation - is subsequently emphasized and its application in manufactured surfaces is also introduced. In addition, we turn our review focus to the formation mechanisms of the generated stresses in the gelled drop and highlights the observed crack growth by varying the factor of the drop contents and substrate wetting properties. However, theoretical work on the non-uniform crack morphologies linked to the non-uniform drop evaporation and stresses is mostly absent. Nevertheless, the characteristic differences between the crack patterns of bio-fluids from healthy individuals and those from patients are directly obtained through macro-scale observations, which lays the foundation of the application of medical diagnostic screening. However, the achievement of this application still requires more in-depth work to overcome the relied subjective observations of the crack patterns and the sensitivity of the crack growth to the ambient conditions. As a multi-field research topic, the colloidal drop evaporation attracts scientists and engineers from disciplines of bio-chemistry, medical science, physics and other involved subjects.</p>

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Desiccation patterns of colloidal drops: mechanisms and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Haoliang Li,
  • Liqui Yang,
  • Jieyang Peng

摘要

The desiccation patterns of colloidal drops evaporating on solid surfaces involves multiple physico-chemical processes, mainly including the redistribution of the non-volatile materials ascribed to the moving liquid medium, the phase transition of the drop from liquid to solid, the generated mechanical stresses in the solid phase and the subsequent crack growth. The mechanisms underlying behind each of the sub-processes is not only a research attention, but also the foundation of engineering applications covering from designed manufactured surfaces to medical diagnostic screening. To understand these mechanisms, several driving forces of the redistribution of colloidal materials in the drop are introduced, for instance various types of liquid flows in the drop, the inter-particle interaction and the adsorption of colloidal particles onto substrate. One type of phase transition - “coffee ring” formation - is subsequently emphasized and its application in manufactured surfaces is also introduced. In addition, we turn our review focus to the formation mechanisms of the generated stresses in the gelled drop and highlights the observed crack growth by varying the factor of the drop contents and substrate wetting properties. However, theoretical work on the non-uniform crack morphologies linked to the non-uniform drop evaporation and stresses is mostly absent. Nevertheless, the characteristic differences between the crack patterns of bio-fluids from healthy individuals and those from patients are directly obtained through macro-scale observations, which lays the foundation of the application of medical diagnostic screening. However, the achievement of this application still requires more in-depth work to overcome the relied subjective observations of the crack patterns and the sensitivity of the crack growth to the ambient conditions. As a multi-field research topic, the colloidal drop evaporation attracts scientists and engineers from disciplines of bio-chemistry, medical science, physics and other involved subjects.