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<p>Polyaniline (PANI) is a well-known conducting polymer recognized for its tunable electrical conductivity and structural versatility. In this work, DBSA-doped PANI–PVC composites were synthesized using inverse emulsion polymerization to improve their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The composites were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV/Vis spectra confirmed the emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI, indicating successful doping and integration within the PVC matrix, while FTIR supported the incorporation of DBSA as a dopant. Electrical conductivity increased with decreasing PVC content, with optimal performance observed at 3% PVC. XRD patterns suggested reduced compatibility between PANI and PVC at higher PVC concentrations. SEM images of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite showed a rough, compact, and porous morphology, in contrast to the smooth surface of pure PANI. TGA results indicated enhanced thermal stability of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite compared to pure PANI. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) at various scan rates and concentrations demonstrated improved electrochemical sensing performance of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite, highlighting its potential for use in ascorbic acid (AA) detection.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of DBSA-doped PANI–PVC composites via inverse emulsion polymerization for electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Atif Ahmad,
  • Anam,
  • José Clayston Melo Pereira,
  • Rizwan Ullah,
  • Afaq Nazir,
  • Sabir Khan

摘要

Polyaniline (PANI) is a well-known conducting polymer recognized for its tunable electrical conductivity and structural versatility. In this work, DBSA-doped PANI–PVC composites were synthesized using inverse emulsion polymerization to improve their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The composites were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV/Vis spectra confirmed the emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI, indicating successful doping and integration within the PVC matrix, while FTIR supported the incorporation of DBSA as a dopant. Electrical conductivity increased with decreasing PVC content, with optimal performance observed at 3% PVC. XRD patterns suggested reduced compatibility between PANI and PVC at higher PVC concentrations. SEM images of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite showed a rough, compact, and porous morphology, in contrast to the smooth surface of pure PANI. TGA results indicated enhanced thermal stability of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite compared to pure PANI. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) at various scan rates and concentrations demonstrated improved electrochemical sensing performance of the DBSA/PANI-PVC 3% composite, highlighting its potential for use in ascorbic acid (AA) detection.

Graphical Abstract