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<p>This study presents a systematic optimization of zinc-copper sulfide (ZnS:CuS) nanocomposites aimed at achieving smaller hydrodynamic size, improved polydispersity, and enhanced colloidal stability for efficient adsorption of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of key synthesis parameters, including pH, temperature, reagent addition rate, and stabilizer concentration, were comprehensively investigated. Under optimized conditions of pH 5, 80&#xa0;°C, 5-min reagent addition, and 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizer, the nanocomposite achieved a minimum hydrodynamic size of 190&#xa0;nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.37, and a zeta potential of − 29.7&#xa0;mV, confirming high stability. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a maximum RB5 removal efficiency of 96% at pH 3, with adsorption equilibrium reached in 70&#xa0;min. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996) with a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>max</sub>) of 153&#xa0;mg/g, and kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96), indicating chemisorption. These findings highlight the potential of optimized ZnS:CuS nanocomposites as effective adsorbents for dye-laden wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of Zn-Cu sulfide nanocomposites: a systematic study for smaller size, enhanced stability, and Reactive Black 5 adsorption efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Abdullah,
  • Nasira Hussain,
  • Lotfi Ben Tahar,
  • Uzair Ahmad Khan,
  • Zeeshan Abbasi,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Ahson Jabbar Shaikh

摘要

This study presents a systematic optimization of zinc-copper sulfide (ZnS:CuS) nanocomposites aimed at achieving smaller hydrodynamic size, improved polydispersity, and enhanced colloidal stability for efficient adsorption of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of key synthesis parameters, including pH, temperature, reagent addition rate, and stabilizer concentration, were comprehensively investigated. Under optimized conditions of pH 5, 80 °C, 5-min reagent addition, and 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizer, the nanocomposite achieved a minimum hydrodynamic size of 190 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.37, and a zeta potential of − 29.7 mV, confirming high stability. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a maximum RB5 removal efficiency of 96% at pH 3, with adsorption equilibrium reached in 70 min. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9996) with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 153 mg/g, and kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.96), indicating chemisorption. These findings highlight the potential of optimized ZnS:CuS nanocomposites as effective adsorbents for dye-laden wastewater treatment applications.

Graphical Abstract