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<p>This study focused on the development and characterization of chlorquinaldol (CQD)-loaded nanogels for effective topical application. CQD, a hydrophobic antimicrobial agent, was encapsulated using polymers like carbopol 940 and gellan gum through high-pressure homogenization to enhance its solubility and stability. The prepared nanogels exhibited a particle size of 143.56 ± 2.34&#xa0;nm and a zeta potential of − 0.1&#xa0;mV, ensuring stability and uniform dispersion. The pH of the formulation was optimized to 6.43, which is compatible with skin applications. The nanogels demonstrated sustained drug release, achieving 87.09 ± 1.08% release over 48&#xa0;h, following first-order kinetics. Antimicrobial studies against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> showed superior efficacy, with zones of inhibition measuring 20.5 ± 1.2&#xa0;mm and 18.3 ± 1.4&#xa0;mm, respectively, compared to free CQD (15.2 ± 1.1&#xa0;mm and 13.5 ± 1.0&#xa0;mm). Furthermore, the nanogel formulations exhibited excellent spreadability (13.3&#xa0;g&#xa0;cm/s) and were non-irritant, as confirmed by skin irritation tests on animal models. These findings suggest that CQD-loaded nanogels are a promising platform for enhanced topical drug delivery, offering sustained release, improved stability, and superior antimicrobial activity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development and characterization of chlorquinaldol-loaded nanogels: a promising topical delivery system with sustained release and enhanced antimicrobial efficacy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Rukhsar Nasir,
  • Zulcaif Ahmad,
  • Waqar Siddique,
  • Asif Mahmood,
  • Muhammad Furqan Akhtar

摘要

This study focused on the development and characterization of chlorquinaldol (CQD)-loaded nanogels for effective topical application. CQD, a hydrophobic antimicrobial agent, was encapsulated using polymers like carbopol 940 and gellan gum through high-pressure homogenization to enhance its solubility and stability. The prepared nanogels exhibited a particle size of 143.56 ± 2.34 nm and a zeta potential of − 0.1 mV, ensuring stability and uniform dispersion. The pH of the formulation was optimized to 6.43, which is compatible with skin applications. The nanogels demonstrated sustained drug release, achieving 87.09 ± 1.08% release over 48 h, following first-order kinetics. Antimicrobial studies against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed superior efficacy, with zones of inhibition measuring 20.5 ± 1.2 mm and 18.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, compared to free CQD (15.2 ± 1.1 mm and 13.5 ± 1.0 mm). Furthermore, the nanogel formulations exhibited excellent spreadability (13.3 g cm/s) and were non-irritant, as confirmed by skin irritation tests on animal models. These findings suggest that CQD-loaded nanogels are a promising platform for enhanced topical drug delivery, offering sustained release, improved stability, and superior antimicrobial activity.

Graphical Abstract