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<p>This study investigates extraction of natural surfactant, saponin from <i>Juglans regia</i> and evaluates its surface-activity and interfacial properties. The surfactant demonstrated effective surface activity, reducing surface tension to 44.95 mN/m, exhibited moderate foaming, emulsification and cleaning abilities. Foam stability indicated by an R5 value of 48.65% was moderate, and pH measurements revealed the extract as weakly acidic. Critical micelle concentration obtained from surface tension was consistent with values obtained from conductivity and dirt dispersion tests. The extracted surfactant was analysed using Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). TLC indicated the presence of various polar and non-polar compounds, while FTIR and UV–Vis confirmed the presence of saponin along with minor traces of flavonoids. Specifically, FTIR identified triterpenoid saponin in the extract. FTIR and UV–Vis analysis also indicated that <i>Juglans regia</i> extract could be used as a dye. The results indicated that natural surfactant extracted from <i>Juglans regia</i> possesses significant amphiphilic and surface-active properties. This identifies a new eco-friendly source of natural surfactant with potential applications in detergency, bioremediation, oil recovery and food and cosmetic industries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Natural surfactant extract from Juglans regia: extraction, evaluation of surface-activity and interfacial properties and preliminary characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

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  • Ambika Pradhan,
  • Amitabha Bhattacharyya

摘要

This study investigates extraction of natural surfactant, saponin from Juglans regia and evaluates its surface-activity and interfacial properties. The surfactant demonstrated effective surface activity, reducing surface tension to 44.95 mN/m, exhibited moderate foaming, emulsification and cleaning abilities. Foam stability indicated by an R5 value of 48.65% was moderate, and pH measurements revealed the extract as weakly acidic. Critical micelle concentration obtained from surface tension was consistent with values obtained from conductivity and dirt dispersion tests. The extracted surfactant was analysed using Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). TLC indicated the presence of various polar and non-polar compounds, while FTIR and UV–Vis confirmed the presence of saponin along with minor traces of flavonoids. Specifically, FTIR identified triterpenoid saponin in the extract. FTIR and UV–Vis analysis also indicated that Juglans regia extract could be used as a dye. The results indicated that natural surfactant extracted from Juglans regia possesses significant amphiphilic and surface-active properties. This identifies a new eco-friendly source of natural surfactant with potential applications in detergency, bioremediation, oil recovery and food and cosmetic industries.

Graphical Abstract