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Introduction <p>Vegetables play a crucial role in mitigating metabolic disorders. However, no studies have investigated the potential mediating role of vegetable intake in the inverse association between fast-food intake and cognitive performance in adolescents. Furthermore, sex differences in this mediation pathway remain unclear. </p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study included 1296 Chilean adolescents (50% girls; 10–14&#xa0;years old). Cognitive functioning was assessed using eight cognitive tasks, from which a Global Cognitive Performance (GCP) score and four cognitive domains were derived: cognitive flexibility (CF), inhibitory control (IC), working memory (WM), and fluid reasoning (FR), using principal component analysis. Vegetable and fast-food intake were evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index questionnaire. Mediation analyses were conducted using a Generalized Linear Model with 5000 bootstrapped samples.</p> Results <p>Fast-food consumption was inversely associated with cognitive performance (<i>r</i> = -0.140; <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Considering full sample, vegetable mediated this relationship for GCP (β = -0.29; 95%CI -0.42, -0.18), CF (β = -0.20; 95%CI -0.32, -0.08), WM (β = -0.18; 95%CI -0.32, -0.06), and FR (β = -0.12; 95%CI -0.24, -0.00). No significant mediation was found for IC (<i>p</i> = .228). In boys, mediation was observed for GCP (β = -0.29; 95%CI -0.49, -0.12) and WM (β = -0.23; 95%CI -0.46, -0.04), while no significant mediation was found for CF, IC, or FR. For girls, mediation was found for GCP (β = -0.28; 95%CI -0.46, -0.13) and CF (β = -0.21; 95%CI -0.39, -0.06), whereas no significant mediation was found for IC, WM, and FR. </p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest that consuming at least two servings of vegetables per day may play a mediating role in the inverse association between fast-food consumption and cognitive performance, highlighting sex differences across cognitive domains.</p>

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Can vegetables intake pattern mediate the relationship between fast-food and cognitive performance in adolescents? The Cogni-Action project

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Humberto Peña-Jorquera,
  • Ricardo Martínez-Flores,
  • Juan Pablo Espinoza-Puelles,
  • Leslie Landaeta-Díaz,
  • José Francisco López-Gil,
  • Carlos Cristi-Montero

摘要

Introduction

Vegetables play a crucial role in mitigating metabolic disorders. However, no studies have investigated the potential mediating role of vegetable intake in the inverse association between fast-food intake and cognitive performance in adolescents. Furthermore, sex differences in this mediation pathway remain unclear.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1296 Chilean adolescents (50% girls; 10–14 years old). Cognitive functioning was assessed using eight cognitive tasks, from which a Global Cognitive Performance (GCP) score and four cognitive domains were derived: cognitive flexibility (CF), inhibitory control (IC), working memory (WM), and fluid reasoning (FR), using principal component analysis. Vegetable and fast-food intake were evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index questionnaire. Mediation analyses were conducted using a Generalized Linear Model with 5000 bootstrapped samples.

Results

Fast-food consumption was inversely associated with cognitive performance (r = -0.140; p < .001). Considering full sample, vegetable mediated this relationship for GCP (β = -0.29; 95%CI -0.42, -0.18), CF (β = -0.20; 95%CI -0.32, -0.08), WM (β = -0.18; 95%CI -0.32, -0.06), and FR (β = -0.12; 95%CI -0.24, -0.00). No significant mediation was found for IC (p = .228). In boys, mediation was observed for GCP (β = -0.29; 95%CI -0.49, -0.12) and WM (β = -0.23; 95%CI -0.46, -0.04), while no significant mediation was found for CF, IC, or FR. For girls, mediation was found for GCP (β = -0.28; 95%CI -0.46, -0.13) and CF (β = -0.21; 95%CI -0.39, -0.06), whereas no significant mediation was found for IC, WM, and FR.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that consuming at least two servings of vegetables per day may play a mediating role in the inverse association between fast-food consumption and cognitive performance, highlighting sex differences across cognitive domains.