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Purpose <p>Diet heavily influences global non-communicable disease burden, yet research on working-age population (WAP) dietary patterns and mortality across socioeconomic contexts remains sparse. This study assessed global, regional, and national trends in dietary risks and associated mortality over three decades in WAP.</p> Methods <p>Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, we estimated mortality attributable to 15 dietary risk factors in 204 countries and territories. We analyzed deaths and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, examining temporal trends and health disparities.</p> Results <p>Dietary consumption patterns among WAP were suboptimal worldwide. In 2021, the global diet-related mortality rate in this population increased by 28.85%, whereas ASMRs fell by 35.1%. Six countries (India, China, Indonesia, USA, Pakistan, and Russian Federation) accounted for 57.91% of total mortality. The leading dietary risks associated with highest mortality were low intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and high sodium consumption. Adverse trends in mortality linked to high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages were observed, particularly in middle and low-middle SDI regions. Mortality related to high consumption of red and processed meats showed an upward trend in lower SDI regions. The COVID-19 era witnessed a moderate rise in diet-related mortality among WAP, with significantly higher ASMRs observed in wealthier regions.</p> Conclusions <p>Dietary factors significantly contribute to health burden on WAP. Our findings have critical implications for addressing unhealthy dietary practices and reducing diet-related mortality within this population.</p>

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Global burden of dietary-related mortality in working-age population, 1990–2021: trends and disparities across 204 countries and territories

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Xiao-Lu Lin,
  • Yi-Ming Song,
  • Xiao-Jie Huang,
  • Qing-Wei Zhang,
  • Shi-Jie Yang,
  • Liu-Yi Yang,
  • Zhao Li,
  • Gui-Fen Chen,
  • Ze-Yu Li,
  • Qing-Ran Liu,
  • Zhong-ge Ji,
  • Si-Jia Zhai,
  • Rui-Tian Zeng,
  • Yu-Fei Xiao,
  • Rui-Jie Han,
  • Yu-Xin Yang,
  • Jing-Jing Chen,
  • Wei Liang,
  • Xiao-Bo Li,
  • Wan-Yin Deng

摘要

Purpose

Diet heavily influences global non-communicable disease burden, yet research on working-age population (WAP) dietary patterns and mortality across socioeconomic contexts remains sparse. This study assessed global, regional, and national trends in dietary risks and associated mortality over three decades in WAP.

Methods

Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, we estimated mortality attributable to 15 dietary risk factors in 204 countries and territories. We analyzed deaths and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, examining temporal trends and health disparities.

Results

Dietary consumption patterns among WAP were suboptimal worldwide. In 2021, the global diet-related mortality rate in this population increased by 28.85%, whereas ASMRs fell by 35.1%. Six countries (India, China, Indonesia, USA, Pakistan, and Russian Federation) accounted for 57.91% of total mortality. The leading dietary risks associated with highest mortality were low intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and high sodium consumption. Adverse trends in mortality linked to high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages were observed, particularly in middle and low-middle SDI regions. Mortality related to high consumption of red and processed meats showed an upward trend in lower SDI regions. The COVID-19 era witnessed a moderate rise in diet-related mortality among WAP, with significantly higher ASMRs observed in wealthier regions.

Conclusions

Dietary factors significantly contribute to health burden on WAP. Our findings have critical implications for addressing unhealthy dietary practices and reducing diet-related mortality within this population.