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Background and aims <p>Pregnancy is a critical period during which maternal diet may impact offspring growth and future health. The EAT-Lancet commission promotes a plant-based diet pattern for meeting environmental and health challenges. EAT-Lancet diet scores have been developed however, thus far they have not been examined in the context of maternal-child health. We investigated adherence to EAT-Lancet diet recommendations during pregnancy and associations with offspring birth outcomes and childhood adiposity. The hypothesis tested was that greater adherence is not related to adverse outcomes.</p> Methods <p>This study included mother–child pairs (n = 1,052) from the Lifeways Cross-generational cohort, in Ireland. Maternal EAT-Lancet diet score was derived from an early pregnancy validated food frequency questionnaire. Correlation analysis examined relationships with other diet scores (Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and energy adjusted-Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII). Logistic and linear regression analyses examined associations with offspring birth outcomes and childhood adiposity and weight status at age 5 and 9&#xa0;years, with adjustment for energy intake and potential confounders.</p> Results <p>The EAT-Lancet diet score (mean ± SD 21.0 ± 4.1) was moderately positively correlated with HEI-2015 and DASH scores (ρ &gt; 0.5) and negatively correlated with dietary inflammation (E-DII (ρ &lt; −&#xa0;0.5, all <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001)). Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet recommendations was associated with higher intake of most micronutrients (except for retinol, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and calcium which were significantly lower). In energy-adjusted models, maternal EAT-Lancet diet score was positively associated with offspring birth weight (β 8.77, 95% CI 0.35–17.19, <i>p</i> = 0.04), length (β 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.01), head circumference (β 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and lower likelihood of having a low birth weight (Odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.01). These associations did not withstand adjustment for additional confounders.</p> Conclusions <p>Adherence to EAT-Lancet diet recommendations during pregnancy was not associated with adverse short or long-term offspring outcomes. Further examination in other cohorts with more diverse diets, and with additional health outcomes, is warranted.</p>

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Maternal adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet recommendations among pregnant women in Ireland and associations with offspring birth outcomes and childhood adiposity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Grégory Pen,
  • Alexander Douglass,
  • Celine M. Murrin,
  • Cecily C. Kelleher,
  • Adrien M. Aubert,
  • Catherine M. Phillips

摘要

Background and aims

Pregnancy is a critical period during which maternal diet may impact offspring growth and future health. The EAT-Lancet commission promotes a plant-based diet pattern for meeting environmental and health challenges. EAT-Lancet diet scores have been developed however, thus far they have not been examined in the context of maternal-child health. We investigated adherence to EAT-Lancet diet recommendations during pregnancy and associations with offspring birth outcomes and childhood adiposity. The hypothesis tested was that greater adherence is not related to adverse outcomes.

Methods

This study included mother–child pairs (n = 1,052) from the Lifeways Cross-generational cohort, in Ireland. Maternal EAT-Lancet diet score was derived from an early pregnancy validated food frequency questionnaire. Correlation analysis examined relationships with other diet scores (Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and energy adjusted-Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII). Logistic and linear regression analyses examined associations with offspring birth outcomes and childhood adiposity and weight status at age 5 and 9 years, with adjustment for energy intake and potential confounders.

Results

The EAT-Lancet diet score (mean ± SD 21.0 ± 4.1) was moderately positively correlated with HEI-2015 and DASH scores (ρ > 0.5) and negatively correlated with dietary inflammation (E-DII (ρ < − 0.5, all p-value < 0.001)). Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet recommendations was associated with higher intake of most micronutrients (except for retinol, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and calcium which were significantly lower). In energy-adjusted models, maternal EAT-Lancet diet score was positively associated with offspring birth weight (β 8.77, 95% CI 0.35–17.19, p = 0.04), length (β 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.1, p = 0.01), head circumference (β 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.07, p = 0.01) and lower likelihood of having a low birth weight (Odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, p = 0.01). These associations did not withstand adjustment for additional confounders.

Conclusions

Adherence to EAT-Lancet diet recommendations during pregnancy was not associated with adverse short or long-term offspring outcomes. Further examination in other cohorts with more diverse diets, and with additional health outcomes, is warranted.