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Background <p>To evaluate radiation exposure during pediatric cardiac catheterization over a 10-year period at a central European tertiary center and to establish contemporary, procedure-specific dose benchmarks and conversion factors for estimating effective dose (ED).</p> Methods <p>All cardiac catheterization procedures in patients &lt; 18&#xa0;years performed between 2015 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. For procedures with multiple components, cumulative dose area product (DAP) was proportionally allocated using weight-adjusted (DAP/BW) median values from single-intervention cases. ED was estimated in silico in randomly selected examinations using Monte Carlo simulation. Dose conversion factors between DAP and ED were derived. Additionally, a structured review of the literature on recently published data on radiation doses was performed.</p> Results <p>A total of 3683 procedures in 2494 patients (median age 3.8&#xa0;years) were included. Body weight showed a stronger association with DAP than age. Median DAP/BW was 11.7&#xa0;cGy·cm<sup>2</sup>/kg for diagnostic and 9.7&#xa0;cGy·cm<sup>2</sup>/kg for interventional procedures. For most procedure types, DAP/BW was substantially lower than previously published benchmarks. Simulated conversion factors declined logarithmically with increasing body weight and differed only slightly between posterior–anterior and lateral projections. Only 0.9% of patients exceeded a cumulative ED of 30&#xa0;mSv.</p> Conclusion <p>Radiation exposure in contemporary pediatric cardiac catheterization is markedly lower than in earlier reports, with procedure complexity being the primary determinant of effective dose.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Decreasing radiation exposure in interventional pediatric cardiology: a 10-year European single-center analysis of 3683 procedures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Florentine Gräfe,
  • Felix Teske,
  • Frank-Thomas Riede,
  • Ingo Dähnert,
  • Maciej Rosolowski,
  • Daniel Gräfe

摘要

Background

To evaluate radiation exposure during pediatric cardiac catheterization over a 10-year period at a central European tertiary center and to establish contemporary, procedure-specific dose benchmarks and conversion factors for estimating effective dose (ED).

Methods

All cardiac catheterization procedures in patients < 18 years performed between 2015 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. For procedures with multiple components, cumulative dose area product (DAP) was proportionally allocated using weight-adjusted (DAP/BW) median values from single-intervention cases. ED was estimated in silico in randomly selected examinations using Monte Carlo simulation. Dose conversion factors between DAP and ED were derived. Additionally, a structured review of the literature on recently published data on radiation doses was performed.

Results

A total of 3683 procedures in 2494 patients (median age 3.8 years) were included. Body weight showed a stronger association with DAP than age. Median DAP/BW was 11.7 cGy·cm2/kg for diagnostic and 9.7 cGy·cm2/kg for interventional procedures. For most procedure types, DAP/BW was substantially lower than previously published benchmarks. Simulated conversion factors declined logarithmically with increasing body weight and differed only slightly between posterior–anterior and lateral projections. Only 0.9% of patients exceeded a cumulative ED of 30 mSv.

Conclusion

Radiation exposure in contemporary pediatric cardiac catheterization is markedly lower than in earlier reports, with procedure complexity being the primary determinant of effective dose.

Graphical abstract