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Purpose <p>Oesophageal substitution following atresia repair, caustic damage or cancer of the oesophagus can be challenging. We and others are working on engineering oesophageal tissue using a combination of decellularised oesophagi and cell injection. So far this has been achieved using highly operator-dependent techniques. This study aimed to establish a reproducible method for cell delivery into scaffolds.</p> Methods <p>To improve consistency, a stereotaxic robotic platform was adapted to deliver a suspension of porcine gelatin and cells in a 1:1 ratio. The scaffold was mounted on a 3D-printed rod linked to a stepper motor, enabling automated 36° rotation for circumferential coverage. Two circumferential rows, each rotated 36°, with 3 − 2 points at 3-mm intervals, ensured even seeding. Injection depth was calibrated to target the inner layer.</p> Results <p>Cells injected robotically remained viable, with no significant difference from manual injection. Post-injection analyses confirmed cell viability and distribution within the scaffold.</p> Conclusion <p>Automated robotic injection provides a reliable, reproducible alternative to manual methods, reducing operator bias.</p>

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Oesophageal tissue engineering: optimisation of stereotactic robotic cell injection in decellularised oesophageal scaffolds

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Koji Yamada,
  • Julia Perea Paizal,
  • Elena Canovai,
  • Casper Orens,
  • Ilaria Marcoccio,
  • Natalie Durkin,
  • Lorenzo Caciolli,
  • Satoshi Ieiri,
  • Simon Eaton,
  • Sara Mantero,
  • Paolo De Coppi,
  • Marco Pellegrini

摘要

Purpose

Oesophageal substitution following atresia repair, caustic damage or cancer of the oesophagus can be challenging. We and others are working on engineering oesophageal tissue using a combination of decellularised oesophagi and cell injection. So far this has been achieved using highly operator-dependent techniques. This study aimed to establish a reproducible method for cell delivery into scaffolds.

Methods

To improve consistency, a stereotaxic robotic platform was adapted to deliver a suspension of porcine gelatin and cells in a 1:1 ratio. The scaffold was mounted on a 3D-printed rod linked to a stepper motor, enabling automated 36° rotation for circumferential coverage. Two circumferential rows, each rotated 36°, with 3 − 2 points at 3-mm intervals, ensured even seeding. Injection depth was calibrated to target the inner layer.

Results

Cells injected robotically remained viable, with no significant difference from manual injection. Post-injection analyses confirmed cell viability and distribution within the scaffold.

Conclusion

Automated robotic injection provides a reliable, reproducible alternative to manual methods, reducing operator bias.